Identification of Behavior of Voluntary Traceability and Analysis of Its Determinants： A Case Study of Hog Slaughtering and Processing Firms in Zhejiang Province, China

In recent years, the Chinese government has highlighted the importance of adopting hog safety/quality traceability, and a growing amount of research continues to entice firms to adopt traceability systems. In this study, a survey was conducted on a sample of pig slaughtering and processing firms in Zhejiang, China through personal interviews and emails. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of firm behavior on the implementation of voluntary traceability systems with more stringent standards and controls than those of the mandatory system in China. The results revealed that motivation based on product quality improvement, capital ability and role perception (business type) had significantly positive relationships with a firm’s voluntary traceability. Other incentives, such as operation improvement, recall risk reduction, reduced occurrence of safety issues, and technical strength were not found to be supportive in our study. This study provides an opportunity to better understand the determinants of firm behavior on voluntary traceability, particularly in light of the fact that some Chinese firms are facing the threat of criminal action for the use of illegal additives and the abuse of Clenbuterol. Policy recommendations on encouraging the implementation of pork safety voluntary traceability by hog slaughtering and processing firms are also discussed.     

Selective feeding behavior of calves is affected by basal diet

The present study examined the way the selective feeding behavior of calves was affected by basal diet. Three basal diets containing oat hay and concentrate, with the addition of different levels of roughage content (low, medium and high) were prepared by changing their mix ratios. Orchard grass (OG) and Japanese pampas grass leaf (JP) were used as testing foods. In the preliminary phase, all calves were fed each basal diet three times per day and then food selection between JP and OG was examined. Dry matter intake (DMI) of JP and OG throughout the test was significantly different. Increasing the roughage rate in the basal diet decreased the DMI of JP, whereas the DMI of OG was increased. There was no significant effect of basal diet condition on nutrient intake, whereas the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber ingestive efficiency were affected by the basal diet condition. It is suggested that calves prefer food that complement the basal diet, even if nutrient requirements are met.     

鹤顶粉蝶觅食求偶过程中的视觉嗅觉信号识别

目的 研究鹤顶粉蝶（Hebomoia glaucippe）成虫觅食、求偶时的视觉、嗅觉信号利用机制。 方法 通过行为观察分别测定不同花色和蜂蜜水及塑封模型对鹤顶粉蝶的引诱效应。 结果 在无气味的7种不同颜色假花诱集试验中,雌雄蝶对长波长红色（620～750 nm）表现出明显的颜色倾向,雌雄蝶访花总次数为259次,雌雄蝶分别为151次和108次。而在假花上喷洒蜂蜜水后,雌雄蝶访花总次数为583次,雌雄蝶分别为305次和278次。单一蜂蜜水诱集时,雌雄蝶访花总次数仅10次,雌雄蝶访花次数分别为8次和2次。颜色-气味组与气味组和颜色组相比,访花次数分别提高58.30倍和2.25倍。在鹤顶粉蝶求偶过程中,雌雄蝶对模型的访问和自然种群的追逐规律不一致,鹤顶粉蝶对缺乏气味的标本模型的访问次数显著低于自然种群（P<0.05）。雌雄蝶翅膀的色彩与图案存在差别。 结论 鹤顶粉蝶在觅食过程中,以视觉为主,嗅觉为辅,具有明显的色觉偏爱;在求偶过程中,视觉和嗅觉均参与求偶识别,虽然鹤顶粉蝶可以通过视觉信号进行最初的配偶识别,但仍需要通过嗅觉信号精确识别配偶及同性。     

大学图书馆学生读者借阅过程中不良行为分析

现在大学图书馆多数实行了全开架超市化管理模式,读者享受到全开架外借、阅览一体化服务,方便了读者借阅,同时读者的一些不良性行为也时有发生。分析了读者不良行为的表现,产生的原因,并对图书馆如何避免和防止读者不良行为的发生进行了分析和探讨。     

新型农业大棚骨架的性能分析

旨在研究复合材料光伏农业大棚的经济性和受力性能,阐明其替代钢结构大棚的可行性。运用有限元软件Midas对某光伏大棚骨架的受力性能进行分析;对光伏大棚最不利节点螺栓的承载力验算;从表面维护和骨架用材两方面进行经济性分析。结果表明:复合材料骨架大棚的杆件最大应力为27.5 k Pa,其柱顶最大位移为9.4 mm,满足相似结构的承载力和容许位移要求;最不利节点螺栓的承载力计算结果表明节点强度足够;从每栋复合材料大棚和钢结构大棚的骨架表面维护及用材两方面的经济性分析结果看,前者初期费用较后者多300元,但使用过程中不再需要追加维护费。从可持续发展的角度看,采用相同骨架的2种材料成本投入相差不大,复合材料更具有环保特点,对农业养殖或种植无不利影响。可以推断,只要结构布置合理,复合材料骨架大棚承载能力绝不输于钢骨架大棚。     

Reproductive phenology of Creole horses in Ecuador in the absence of photoperiod variation: The effects of forage availability and flooding affecting body condition of mares

Horse reproduction tends to be seasonal. The main adjusting factor in their original temperate ranges is photoperiod variation, although it is absent in equatorial areas where horses were introduced by European colonizers. Hence, dates of reproduction in these areas may be influenced by factors affecting mares’ conditions and the success of foaling. Here we study reproductive timing in Creole horses in Ecuador reared in an extensive production system. We found that foaling peaked in August. Mares’ conditions showed one peak in June‐July, before the start of the breeding season, and another in December, and it was highly variable along the year. Mares’ conditions increased after a period of vegetation growth and thus appeared negatively associated with the increment of grass greenness (normalized difference vegetation index data). Seasonal flooding of some pasturelands during March and April appeared to seriously impair mares’ conditions and probably influenced the timing of foaling toward the dry season. Our results evidenced that horse breeding in these equatorial areas tended to be seasonal and point to some key factors that influence phenology by affecting body condition of mares, which may have implications for horse biology and management.     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

大学校园绿地交往空间设计初探

针对校园绿地中的交往空间展开研究,在学生行为心理的调查基础上,从交往活动：集会、小型体育活动和闲坐聊天探讨满足学生行为需求的校园绿地交往空间设计。     

米象成虫触角感器及其取食偏好性

米象Sitophilus oryzae(L.)是重要的储粮害虫,如何有效防控仍是世界性的研究难题.应用扫描电镜研究了米象成虫触角感器的超微结构,证实了米象触角上仅分布3种感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器及锥形感器;采用嗅觉行为仪测定了米象对5种粮食的取食偏好性,结果表明:粮食对米象的引诱由强至弱依次为:燕麦湖北丁优大米黑米莲子薏米;同时观察了5种粮食对米象F1代种群生长发育的影响,发现在莲子中米象F1代发育历期最长,米象F1代种群数量在供试粮食中由多到少依次为:黑米燕麦薏米湖北丁优大米莲子.研究其触角感器与取食偏好可为探索米象防治新途径提供理论依据.