垂爆109柳、旱布329柳的选育及推广利用

主要介绍 2个速生乔木柳树新品种垂爆 10 9柳 (Salix×′Chuibao10 9′)和旱布 32 9柳 (Salixmatsudana×S .bulkingensis)的选育过程、优良特性、推广应用情况及栽培技术 ,为新品种的进一步推广、育苗造林提供了可靠的理论依据     

防治杨柳树飘絮措施探讨

分析了银川市杨柳树飞絮的成因和危害,总结了目前使用的注射药剂、高接换头、喷水、引进新品种、雌株主干重剪、树下种草、灌木6种治理技术,认为通过带有高压喷头的洒水车给杨树喷水是治理杨树飞絮的一种见效快、成本低的方法,从根本上解决柳树飞絮问题的方法是高位嫁接技术,更新杨柳树品种是解决杨柳树飞絮问题的一种可持续发展的治理方法。     

14%吡虫啉·敌敌畏注干液剂防治柳树天牛技术研究

利用14%吡虫啉.敌敌畏注干液剂、4.15%吡虫啉.阿维菌素注干液剂、4.5%吡虫啉注干液剂、10%啶虫脒注干液剂和30%敌畏.氧乐注干液剂等5种药剂进行了树干注射防治危害柳树的光肩星天牛(Anop lophora g labrip enn is(M otschu lsky))试验,并研究了14%吡虫啉.敌敌畏注干液剂田间防治光肩星天牛的使用技术。结果表明,供试的5种注干药剂对光肩星天牛幼虫均有一定的防治作用,其中14%吡虫啉.敌敌畏注干液剂防效最好。14%吡虫啉.敌敌畏注干液剂以1.0 mL/cm树干胸径注药量对天牛幼虫的防效可达90.7%,优于对照药剂30%敌畏.氧乐注干液剂。利用14%吡虫啉.敌敌畏注干液剂林间防治天牛时,当幼虫虫口密度低于1.15头/株时,1年注药1次;虫口密度约为5头/株时,1年注药2次;虫口密度约为12头/株时,两年注药3次,可将虫口密度控制到0.15头/株以下,有效控制天牛的危害。     

竹柳引种试验初报

对不同造林密度和不同混交方式竹柳的适生状况进行了初步研究,结果表明:随着造林密度的增加,竹柳的保存率呈线性下降趋势,生长状况也呈下降趋势,以3 750株.hm-2的造林密度具有较好的保存率和生长状况;当混交比例为5∶5时,竹柳的保存率和生长状况较好,可在造林实践中进一步推广,但不同混交树种间未表现出显著差异,可能跟造林时间较短,其适生性状未得到充分表现有关。     

柳树重组复合材生产技术及质量控制

柳树重组复合材,是将柳树枝加工成柳枝丝束,通过模具,经冷压、高温固化而成的型材.制造工艺为:柳树枝碾压→丝束干燥→树皮分离→浸胶→干燥→组坯→板坯冷压→高温固化→脱模→柳树重组复合型材.本文还介绍了柳树重组复合材的生产技术及质量控制技术.     

Micromorphological studies on the small intestine and caeca in wild and captive willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus lagopus)

The present study describes the micromorphology of the small intestine and caeca of wild and captive willow grouse. The micromorphology of the small intestine was similar in wild and captive birds, while typical differences were apparent in the caeca, Wild grouse had ciliated epithelium without goblet cells in the neck part of the caeca, captive birds had strongly atrophied cilia and a high number of goblet cells. The epithelium of the body part of caeca of wild birds lodged a great number of spiral-shaped microorganisms and amoebae, which were absent in captive birds. Both the caecal villi and the longitudinal folds were much larger in wild than captive grouse. In the captive grouse the caecal lamina propria was heavily infiltrated with mono-nucleated cells and very often also with polymorphonucleated heterophilic leucocytes.Since only first generation captives were used in this study, the differences in gut morphology of captive and wild grouse must be due to different food and environmental conditions and not to genetic selection.     

日本菟丝子吸器发育解剖的研究

吸器由吸器原基发育而来,吸器原基是从茎的皮层细胞脱分化而来的。依脱分化的细胞数量不同,可分为两种类型。文中对成熟吸器的结构进行了描述。吸器中管胞和筛管都是从吸器中央具有原形成层特性的细胞分化的,管胞的分化先于筛管,或同时进行。吸器原基顶端的细胞具有典型的分生组织的特征,“菌丝”分化成输导组织。它与寄主木质部导管的连接有三种方式,与寄主韧皮部筛管的连接也有三种方式,并对三种不同方式的“菌丝”细胞壁突起进行了讨论。     

四种药剂注射法防治柳树光肩星天牛对比试验

选用4种药剂对光肩星天牛进行注射法试验,结果表明,施药后2天,0.025kg/L高效氯氟氰菊酯EC40倍液和40%氧化乐果EC40倍液效果最好,防治率分别达到73.81%和73.89%。     

哈尔滨石化公司柳树除絮分析

杨柳飞絮严重污染石化厂区环境,对设备空冷、水处理厂、动火作业、人员健康和交通安全有一定危害,为避免或减少飞絮带来的危害,针对哈尔滨地区飞絮的时间及特征进行了细致分析,对比更换飘絮树种（选择雄株树木）、选择抑花一号药物注射抑制、增加人工修剪及人工喷水增湿等除絮技术方法,筛选出北京园林科研所研制的抑花一号除絮效果最好,进而对哈尔滨石化公司柳树飞絮进行3a的防治应用研究。结果表明,目前柳絮发生量控制率达85％以上,通过对防絮工作的摸索和现代技术的运用,有效地减少了飞絮现象减轻了其危害。     

Soil‐ecological evaluation of willows in a floodplain

Willows (Salix spp.) were supposed to be suitable candidates for the phytoremediation of polluted floodplain soils, but it is unknown how willow growth alters concentrations and mobility of pollutants under the conditions of ongoing periodically flooding. Therefore, effects of willow cropping on total concentrations and mobility of As and heavy metals and soil microbial properties were determined after three and four growing seasons under willows in comparison to native grassland in a flood channel of a River Elbe floodplain (Central Germany). After 4 y of willow coppice, the heavy metal concentrations (mg kg^–1) were increased not only in the grass control plots (final Cu 274, Pb 276, Zn 935) but also under the willows (final Cu 248, Pb 251, Zn 779) compared to the initial concentrations (initial Cu 170, Pb 156, Zn 579). This increase might likely be caused by the ongoing sedimentation by flood events. The smaller increase under willows compared to grass might be related to an initial net effect of phytoextraction. The concentrations of the mobile fractions of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly lower under willows than under grass. Higher β‐glucosidase activities under willows than under grass might indicate a starting net decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, the study of long‐term and large‐scale effects are recommend before an appropriate evaluation of willow short‐rotation coppice for phytoremediation of polluted floodplains will be established.