Effects of different diets on viability, and gut morphology and bacteriology in captive willow ptarmigan chicks (Lagopus L. lagopus)

Young willow ptarmigan chicks were fed an artificial chick diet (ACD), and different supplements. One group got ascorbic acid supplements, another neomycin and Oxytetracyclin in the water, and a third was given ascorbic acid and sprouts of Vaccinium myrtillus. Chicks that were fed ACD only, showed low weight gain and high mortality rate. The numbers of bacteria in the gut were high and the incidence of villous epithelium erosion and bacteria colonizing the gut epithelium were high.Admixture of ascorbic acid to the diet improved the viability of the chicks and reduced the number of coliforms in the gut.Antibiotics in the water reduced the number of C. perfringens, enterococci and coliforms in the gut, and improved the gut epithelium conditions.Combined supplements of ascorbic acid and Vaccinium myrtillus resulted in strongly viable chicks with healthy gut epithelium. C. perfringens was not demonstrated in the gut, and the numbers of enterococci and coliforms were low.     

Production losses due to a summer frost in a Salix viminalis short‐rotation forest in southern Sweden

The effect of a single night frost during late spring on the current year production of two clones of Salix viminalis was determined in two monoclonal stands that displayed a gradient from virtually undamaged plants, shielded from outgoing radiation by a neighbouring spruce forest, to heavily damaged plants in the unshielded parts. Compared with the undamaged stand parts, frost caused production losses of 47% and 60% in the two clones during the first year of the second cutting cycle. The clone‐specific allometric relationship between shoot dry weight and diameter was changed by the frost in one clone, showing lower shoot weights in damaged shoots compared with undamaged shoots of the same diameter. In the other clone, allometric relations were not affected by the frost. The relative variation in weight between the stools did not differ systematically with frost damage intensity, and therefore it could not be concluded that frost in monoclonal stands would enforce a competitive hierarchy. It was inferred that the single night frost indirectly can have a negative effect on the production of the stands during the years to come.     

8个引种柳树品种扦插苗生长特性比较

本文对引种的8个柳树无性系苗期生长规律、物候、成活率、保存率、抗性等进行观测,比较8个无性系生长特点,并根据生长特点制定合理的水肥管理措施,从而提高苗木产量和质量,降低育苗成本,提高经济效益。     

贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响

以成熟的垂柳种子为材料,测定了不同贮藏温度和不同贮藏时间下垂柳种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数等生活力指标的变化,以探索贮藏温度和贮藏时间对垂柳种子生活力的影响。结果表明:适当的低温-10℃、-5℃、4℃可以延缓垂柳种子的劣变,延长其贮藏时间;常温20℃与极低温-20℃条件下会降低种子的生活力,表现为活力指数降低;随贮藏天数的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数表现出先升高后降低的趋势,发芽速则是先降低后升高。常温20℃贮藏7天种子发芽率显著下降,在-5℃贮藏3天的条件下种子生活力最强,可应用于垂柳种子萌发及人工种苗培育的实践中。     

柳树干锈病的研究

柳树干锈病（Ｕｒｅｄｏｓｐ．）,主要危害柳树枝干韧皮部,亦危害叶、叶柄和花序等部位。病菌以双核菌丝在枝、干的韧皮部老病斑周围活组织内越冬,４月下旬至１２月产生夏孢子堆,夏孢子可重复侵染叶、叶柄和嫩梢,５月下旬至８月下旬为发病盛期。４月下旬至５月上旬在枝干老病斑周围皮下产生夏孢子,作为初次侵染来源,经风传播,由自然孔口或直接入侵,潜育期７～１８ｄ。病害为局部侵染,局部发病。夏孢子萌发的适温为２０～２４℃。人工接种叶片和嫩梢后,可产生夏孢子堆。绦柳、垂柳、旱柳、川滇柳、龙爪柳和左旋柳等均可染病,以绦柳发病最重     

速生耐盐碱柳树新品种‘鲁柳1号’

柳树新品种‘鲁柳1号’（Salix matsudana‘Luliu 1’）为雄株,是在山东省滨州市沾化区野外发现的1株自然杂交苗经过苗期试验和区域化试验选育而成。苗期苗干红色。具有育苗及造林成活率高、速生、耐盐碱能力强等特性,材性优良,适宜盐碱地造林。     

灌木柳无性系苗期耐盐性指标的筛选和综合评价

选用6个灌木柳无性系,研究其耐盐性和有关耐盐性的评价指标。在苗期盐(NaCl)胁迫条件下,测定了苗高、根长、净光合速率、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量等10项与耐盐性相关的生长和生理指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数分析以及回归分析法进行耐盐性综合评价和指标筛选,结果表明,苗高、叶片相对含水量和蒸腾速率等3项指标可作为灌木柳无性系苗期耐盐性鉴定指标;根据综合评价值比较,6个品种的耐盐性依次为JW2345>JW2372>JW22-2>JW51-3>JW1065>JW2334;6个品种的耐盐性预测值(VP)与综合评价值(D)呈极显著相关。     

盐胁迫对灌木柳无性系生长及蛋白表达的影响

通过盐胁迫下两个灌木柳无性系水培试验发现,盐胁迫对水培苗生长有显著影响.JW22-2和JW2345无性系地上部分(茎叶)生长受到盐胁迫的显著抑制,地下部分(根)生长在高盐胁迫(3 g/L)下也受到明显抑制,JW2345的耐盐能力强于JW22-2.通过SDS-PAGE电泳对盐胁迫下两无性系特异蛋白表达分析表明,JW22-2和JW2345无性系在盐胁迫下分子量为38.6kD和40.6kD的蛋白含量减少,92.5kD蛋白表达增加.JW22-2无性系在2 g/L和3g/L盐处理下合成了分子量为60.5kD的新蛋白.分子量为92.5kD蛋白可能与两个灌木柳无性系耐盐性有关.     

管花肉苁蓉寄主柽柳林地土壤养分调查研究

为了解和评价和田地区管花肉苁蓉寄主柽柳林地土壤肥力状况,指导土壤培肥,以该地区管花肉苁蓉分布最广、产量最高的于田县和民丰县为研究区域,采集该地区不同种植年限和灌溉方式下的土壤样本,对其主要物化性质进行调查研究。结果表明:接种管花肉苁蓉的柽柳林地土壤全氮和有机质含量均值分别为0.31 g/kg和2.42 g/kg,处于缺乏和很缺乏水平;土壤速效钾和全磷含量均值分别为155 mg/kg和0.55 g/kg,处于适宜及以上水平;土壤有效磷含量在0.4~8.0 mg/kg,处于适宜和缺乏水平的分别占调查面积的41.2%和58.8%。土壤pH为中性或微碱性,种植年限达10 a以上的土壤呈微酸性且已发生次生盐渍化。相同种植年限下,传统的漫灌转为滴灌可使土壤EC值、全氮和硝态氮含量分别降低60.6%、48.8%和34.7%。     

灌木型柳树镉吸收积累性状的研究

采用营养液培养方法培养柳树插条,测定了Cd2+浓度为5.0×10-6的污染状况下26个灌木型柳树杂种131个无性系的叶片和枝条的镉含量。结果显示,枝条镉含量在39.68×10-6~162.40×10-6之间,叶片镉含量在53.55×10-6~298.43×10-6之间;11个主要杂种间的叶片及枝条的镉含量没有显著差异;90%以上的无性系的叶片镉含量高于枝条的镉含量。因此,可以直接通过无性系测定选育枝条及叶片镉含量高的新品种。