竹柳覆盖地膜扦插育苗技术

竹柳为杨柳科(Salicaceae)柳属植物,落叶乔木,覆地膜扦插育苗效果好。文章从整地施肥、种条采集与插穗处理、扦插、苗期管理、病虫害防治方面总结了竹柳覆膜扦插育苗技术。     

雪柳的引种栽培

雪柳既具有很高的观赏和商业价值,又具有很强的生存适应能力,其在园林绿化中的作用已日益明显,但东北地区将雪柳作为绿化树种还比较少见。介绍了雪柳的属性特点、生长环境及其用途,提出了"南柳北移"的设想,并对其进行了简要分析。     

竹柳持续淹水后的生长状况及耐水性调查研究

本文研究了江洲地、湖滩地当年新造竹柳成活率、生长量、病虫害等情况。结果表明,竹柳在持续2～3月的水淹情况下,对造林成活率影响不大,淹水过顶高度50cm以下、持续时间20d以内,成活率仍可达到造林验收合格标准;淹水过顶50cm以上,成活率将难以保证。淹水高度在林冠层以下,即离地面150cm,林木光合作用能正常进行,对竹柳的高径生长影响不大。林地淹水高度越高、淹水持续时间越长,其高、径生长量越小。     

Construction of Fast-growing and High-yielding Willow Forest and Its Utilization

For the high biomass and adaptability, application of willow on cultivating bioenergy forest and phytoremediation had been gotten more recognition in the world wide. Integrated with our research practice, we introduced the germ plasm of high biomass willow in China, and the new varieties with high biomass and their cultivated techniques were summarized in this article. Moreover, we reported the development up to date in breeding and cultivation on well-bred willow with high biomass and analyzed the foreground of establishing industrial willow with high biomass in China.     

粉煤灰复垦区杨、柳、榆、刺槐的生物量*

粉煤灰复垦区杨、柳、榆、刺槐的生物量刘雅荣，刘建伟，王世绩，冷国友，周树理，程锦山关键词煤矿复垦区，杨，柳，榆，刺槐，生物量淮北地区煤矿开采后，形成大面积的塌陷区，造成可利用的土地面积减少，生态环境恶化。据统计，类似淮北的情况，全国以每年２万ｈｍ２的...     

黄龙林区引进瑞典能源柳的适应性及生长调查

以黄龙林区引种的8个瑞典能源柳无性系为研究对象,开展了形态学特征、物候、病虫害与日灼、1a生苗木生长量等调查。结果表明,1a生瑞典能源柳无性系扦插苗,以瑞能A、瑞能C和瑞能E高径生长量最大;病虫害和日灼对引种能源柳危害比较小;瑞典能源柳在3月中下旬开始叶芽萌动,展叶期一般为1周左右,多数开花无性系花期超过1月;瑞能2和瑞能4花期长,观赏价值高,更适于作为园林绿化树种;清水浸泡插穗以瑞能A和瑞能成活率最高,分别为96%和93%,其它6个无性系成活率介于73%～89%之间。     

Cecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans and captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans

Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is deemed to be critical for successful captivebreeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cecalbacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) and comparedthem with those in Svalbard rock ptarmigans (L. m. hyperborea) in captivity. Ultra-deepsequencing of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the community structure of cecal microbiota in wild rock ptarmiganswas remarkably different from that in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. Fundamental differences betweenbacterial communities in the two groups of birds were detected at the phylum level. Firmicutes,Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes were the major phyla detected in wild Japanese rockptarmigans, whereas Firmicutes alone occupied more than 80% of abundance in captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans.Furthermore, unclassified genera of Coriobacteriaceae, Synergistaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Actinomycetaceae,Veillonellaceae and Clostridiales were the major taxa detected in wild individuals, whereas in zoo-rearedbirds, major genera were Ruminococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium andAkkermansia. Zoo-reared birds seemed to lack almost all rock ptarmigan-specific bacteria intheir intestine, which may explain the relatively high rate of pathogenic infections affecting them. We showevidence that preservation and reconstitution of indigenous cecal microflora are critical for successfulex situ conservation and future re-introduction plan for the Japanese rock ptarmigan.     

长江滩地5种杂交柳树纤维形态特征及其径向变异

研究5种不同无性系杂交柳树的纤维形态特征及其径向变异。结果表明：5种杂交柳树,纤维长度为884－1127μm,纤维宽度为18.63-23.42μm,双壁厚度为5.79-8.80μm,胞腔径为11.37-15.00μm,其沿径向均呈y=b0 b1x b2x^2分布。     

基于叶、枝特性的柳树苗期观赏性评判

[目的]建立基于叶、枝特性的柳树观赏性评判模型,快速评判柳树无性系的观赏性。[方法]以在北京地区适应性良好的20个柳树无性系1年生苗为试验材料,确立与叶、枝特性相关的13个评价指标,利用层次分析法建立快速评判柳属树种观赏性的结构模型。据柳树的观赏特性并结合专家意见,拟定评分准则。构造判断矩阵并进行一致性检验,确定各指标对总目标的权重。柳树无性系性状的分值乘以对应权重得出综合分值,根据综合分值对其进行聚类,根据聚类结果划分等级。[结果]评价模型的准则层中,叶片所占权重为0.75,枝干所占权重为0.25。因子层中各指标对总目标的权重排序为:成叶颜色F2(0.255 9)叶片形状F3(0.152 7)幼叶颜色F1(0.127 3)侧枝颜色F11(0.080 2)小枝颜色F10(0.074 0)叶片密度F4(0.066 7)叶长F6(0.052 6)叶面积F5(0.047 1)主干颜色F12(0.039 2)发枝角度F9(0.031 5)叶宽F7(0.029 9)发枝数量F13(0.025 3)托叶F8(0.017 9)。成熟叶色、叶片形状、幼叶颜色、侧枝颜色和小枝颜色是影响柳树观赏性的主要因子。根据综合得分和聚类结果,将20个柳树无性系划分为4个等级:第Ⅰ等级包括红叶腺柳、SH31、绵毛柳、旱柳、垂109、苏柳J799、金丝垂柳,观赏价值最高;第Ⅱ等级包括银柳、毛枝柳、竹柳、黑柳19,观赏价值较高;第Ⅲ等级包括圆头柳、DQ1、漳河柳、垂爆柳、G7、朝鲜柳、杞柳,观赏价值中等;第Ⅳ等级包括沙柳、蒿柳,观赏价值较低。[结论]利用层次分析法建立的柳树观赏性评价模型可以有效地从叶、枝特性方面快速评判出观赏价值高的柳树无性系,为柳树的进一步选育和园林应用提供参考。     

NaCl处理对竹柳苗根系活力及抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]通过研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫对竹柳种苗根系活力、抗氧化酶活性的影响来评定其耐盐性,为竹柳向滩涂引种提供理论基础。[方法]对竹柳苗进行4个不同浓度下的NaCl处理,测定每个浓度下的根系活力与抗氧化酶的活性。[结果]随着NaCl浓度的升高,竹柳苗的根系活力先增大后减小。竹柳苗叶中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性都随着NaCl浓度的增加先增大后减小,当浓度超过0.5%时活性明显低于对照;叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量先降低后升高。[结论]竹柳具有一定的耐盐性,有向滩涂引种的潜力。