杨、柳软质木材改性工艺研究及其物理性能比较

杨树、柳树是中原地区主要的速生树种,为充分利用速生林软质木材,研究其改性工艺,提高木材品质。作者通过对杨、柳木干燥改性实验,对软质木材进行改性。改性后木材尺寸稳定性增强、硬度大幅增大,杨树、柳树硬度分别提高49.2%、40.1%;木材的抗弯强度分别提高49.0%、51.5%。     

编织柳杂种新无性系生长比较1）

采用随机区组设计试验,经过早期选择,对进入新种质备选材料库的7 个编织柳新杂种无性系进行了生长性状比较。结果表明：各参试无性系生长进程呈S 型曲线,可以用Logistic 函数拟合,在南京地区最快生长期为5—8 月中旬;方差分析表明,新无性系JW4－5、JW0－5 的高生长显著优于其它无性系,平均高生长量分别达150、157 cm,可以作为进一步开展区域试验的新品种。     

Production losses due to a summer frost in a Salix viminalis short‐rotation forest in southern Sweden

The effect of a single night frost during late spring on the current year production of two clones of Salix viminalis was determined in two monoclonal stands that displayed a gradient from virtually undamaged plants, shielded from outgoing radiation by a neighbouring spruce forest, to heavily damaged plants in the unshielded parts. Compared with the undamaged stand parts, frost caused production losses of 47% and 60% in the two clones during the first year of the second cutting cycle. The clone‐specific allometric relationship between shoot dry weight and diameter was changed by the frost in one clone, showing lower shoot weights in damaged shoots compared with undamaged shoots of the same diameter. In the other clone, allometric relations were not affected by the frost. The relative variation in weight between the stools did not differ systematically with frost damage intensity, and therefore it could not be concluded that frost in monoclonal stands would enforce a competitive hierarchy. It was inferred that the single night frost indirectly can have a negative effect on the production of the stands during the years to come.     

几种树皮腐烂病菌的分子鉴定

一些引起树皮腐烂病的病原菌往往不产孢,利用传统形态学方法很难对病原菌进行准确鉴定,因此,本研究拟通过ITS序列分析对引起几种腐烂病菌进行分子鉴定。本试验对采自河北省5个不同县市的苹果树、杨树、柳树、槐树和杏树等5种树木上的腐烂病菌进行了分离和致病性测定。通过测定的ITS序列与GenBank中的同源序列的分析对其进行分子鉴定,从5种寄主植物上共鉴定出Valsa mali var. mali、Valsa sordida、Botry-osphaeri dothidea和Botryosphaeria rhodina等4种树皮腐烂病菌,结果表明,通过ITS序列分析,可对树皮腐烂病菌进行准确鉴定,并对系统发育树上代表不同病原菌种类的每个分支上序列的名称、寄主范围以及地理来源进行了详细地讨论。     

J172等5个柳树良种育苗试验

通过对5个柳树良种在不同类型区的扦插育苗试验,分析苗木生长量、生长季土壤含水量、土壤温度,结果表明:①各参试因素对生长量影响的程度依次为品种(系)>类型区>覆膜>扦插方法,因此在柳树壮苗培育中,应首先考虑优良品种的选择。②在不同类型区内,影响树木生长的主导生态因子亦不同。在高寒湿润区,热量是影响生长量的主导生态因子,故其覆用地膜的效果十分显著,其生长量较对照提高28.6%;在川塬区,土壤水肥是影响生长量的主导生态因子,故其覆用地膜的效果不太显著,应着重加强土壤水肥管理。     

乔木型柳树无性系镉积累特性研究

研究了25个乔木型柳树无性系的镉吸收积累特性。在镉质量分数为5.0×10-6的营养液培养条件下培养40 d,乔木柳叶片的镉含量为34.88×10-6~289.25×10-6,平均值为119.02×10-6;叶片镉转运系数为2.91%~25.89%,镉积累成本介于0.15 mg/10-6~4.69 mg/10-6之间。枝条的镉含量为44.79×10-6~154.38×10-6,平均值为95.64×10-6;枝条的镉转运系数为3.36%~16.48%,镉积累成本为0.75 mg/10-6~4.47 mg/10-6;镉处理对插穗的萌条高生长多有抑制作用,对插穗不定根发生和根系干重的影响存在差异,有促进、也有抑制作用。     

Role of free neuromasts in larval feeding of willow shiner Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens Teleostei, Cyprinidae

ABSTRACT:   It has been reported that the larvae of willow shiner Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens have many free neuromasts on their body surface. This study examined the ability of the willow shiner larvae to feed on zooplankton by mechanoreception by the free neuromasts. Feeding experiments using untreated larvae and larvae treated with streptomycin, which impairs free neuromast function, were conducted under light and completely dark conditions. The larvae were put into Petri dishes, then nauplii of Artemia salina were introduced. The average number of Artemia eaten by the larvae was expressed as the average ingestion rate of Artemia /10 min. The ingestion rate of Artemia for untreated larvae was 12.3 under light conditions and 10.6 Artemia /10 min. even in complete darkness. The ingestion rate in the larvae treated with streptomycin was 11 under light conditions and only 0.8 Artemia /10 min under dark conditions. The low rate in the treated larvae under dark conditions must be due to impairment by the streptomycin. Therefore, the high ingestion rate for the untreated larvae under dark conditions would be surely dependent on mechanoreception. The results indicate that larval willow shiner is able to feed on zooplankton under limited light conditions.     

灌木柳无性系苗期耐盐性指标的筛选和综合评价

选用6个灌木柳无性系,研究其耐盐性和有关耐盐性的评价指标。在苗期盐(NaCl)胁迫条件下,测定了苗高、根长、净光合速率、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量等10项与耐盐性相关的生长和生理指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数分析以及回归分析法进行耐盐性综合评价和指标筛选,结果表明,苗高、叶片相对含水量和蒸腾速率等3项指标可作为灌木柳无性系苗期耐盐性鉴定指标;根据综合评价值比较,6个品种的耐盐性依次为JW2345>JW2372>JW22-2>JW51-3>JW1065>JW2334;6个品种的耐盐性预测值(VP)与综合评价值(D)呈极显著相关。     

干旱胁迫对2种速生树种叶绿素荧光特性的影响

【目的】对华南地区2个速生树种尾巨桉Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis和竹柳(bamboo willow)的抗旱性进行比较.【方法】采用干旱胁迫处理,利用脉冲调制式叶绿素荧光仪(OS5P-美国)对2树种叶绿素荧光参数进行测定.【结果和结论】在干旱胁迫条件下,实际光量子产量(Yield)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(q P)、最大荧光(Fm)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均有不同程度的下降,在干旱处理第24天,尾巨桉ETR比对照下降48.02%,而竹柳仅下降25.12%;到重度干旱时期,尾巨桉和竹柳Fv/Fm分别下降31.55%和21.84%;供试树种的非光化学淬灭系数(q N)、初始荧光(F0)均呈上升趋势,与对照相比,竹柳q N上升幅度为217.59%,显著大于尾巨桉(146.40%,P0.05),F0上升幅度(49.11%)小于尾巨桉(92.03%);2种树种ETR与土壤含水量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),尾巨桉F0与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),竹柳Fm和Fv/Fm与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(P0.01).研究结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,竹柳与尾巨桉叶绿素荧光参数间均表现一定相关性,相比尾巨桉,竹柳在叶绿素荧光参数上表现出更强的抗旱性.     

新疆柳树丛枝病类菌原体(MLO)的电镜观察

本文报道新疆柳树丛枝病病原在透射电镜下的观察结果,在病枝韧皮部薄壁细胞、叶脉韧皮部筛管和伴胞细胞中均观察到典型的类前原体,其形状为球形、长椭圆形和哑铃型,细胞膜为双层膜结构,大小比一般的类菌原体稍小。初步认为此病是类菌原体引起的病害。