芋花叶病毒的RT-PCR检测及外壳蛋白基因序列分析

 采用RT-PCR技术对采自中国湖北、浙江和山东的91份芋[Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schott]样品的芋花叶病毒（Dasheen mosaic virus,DsMV）进行了检测,检出率为26.4%。对其中14个DsMV分离物的317 bp扩增产物（为外壳蛋白基因的一部分）序列分析的结果显示,各分离物内的核苷酸变异相对较低,而分离物间存在较大的分子变异,相似性为68.3% ~ 97.8%。对来自湖北和浙江的2个DsMV分离物DsMV-SCS和DsMV-JH的外壳蛋白基因（coat protein gene,cp）进行了测序,全长分别为951 bp和987 bp,二者cp核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为79.0%和82.3%,与已报道DsMV的cp核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为73.0% ~ 92.1%和74.8% ~ 98.2%,在构建的系统发育树上聚在两个不同的簇,各DsMV分离物的系统进化关系与其寄主和地理来源无显著相关性。     

Expression of natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D and its ligand MICA in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau

AIM: To investigate the expression of natural killer cell stimulation receptor D(NKG2D) in peripheral blood and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A(MICA) on the gastric carcinoma tissue and the neighboring non-cancerous tissue in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau. METHODS: Samples of 33 patients and 20 healthy persons were collected to detect NKG2D in peripheral blood by Flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of MICA in part of the correspondent tissues were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of NKG2D in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer group (13.47 ±5.26)% was significantly lower than that in healthy groups (32.62±10.08)%. The mRNA level of MICA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in neighboring non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MICA proteins showed a significant difference between the neighboring non-cancerous tissue (21.21%, 7/33) and the gastric carcinoma tissue (78.79%, 26/33), between the high differentiation (60.00%, 3/5) and the moderate (72.73%, 8/11), low differentiation (88.24%, 15/17). The expressions of MICA were not correlated with tumor size, sex, age, lymph node metastasis of the patients (P>0.05). Spearman rank correlation displayed that the expressions of MICA mRNA were positively correlated with the MICA protein level (r=0.903, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The immune escape in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau probably relates to the down-regulation of NKG2D and the up-regulation of its ligand MICA. The activity of NK cells and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level are descending in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer. The decrease in the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the activity of NK cell descending.     

GFP标记生防细菌B579及其定殖能力检测

 利用绿色荧光蛋白（Green fluorescent protein, GFP）标记靶标微生物是目前研究微生物和宿主互作的重要手段。在本研究中,作者用电击转化的方法将携带质粒gfpmut3a基因的穿梭载体pGFP4412导入生防枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）B579中,并得到成功表达GFP的枯草芽孢杆菌B579-gfp。用抗生素平板回收结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）观察对枯草芽孢杆菌B579-gfp在盆栽的黄瓜根表定殖情况进行了研究,结果表明：标记菌株在激发光波长为488 nm的蓝光下可观察到亮绿色的荧光;B579-gfp菌体能够定殖在黄瓜根部,在根基部和中部都有菌体聚集而形成膜状结构,在根的分叉和根冠处可观察到大量B579-gfp定殖;浸种、蘸根以及灌根接种均可回收到大量的B579-gfp,分别为4.0×10³、1.0×10⁴和2.0×10² cfu/g。     

菌寄生真菌纤细齿梗孢一丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因OPK1的克隆及序列分析

 Using degenerate PCR and TAIL-PCR, a protein kinase gene OPK1 (Genebank accession No.:EU417815) was cloned from mycoparasite fungi Olpitrichum tenellum. OPK1 has an open reading frame of 2 031 bp interrupted by two introns (108 bp, 84 bp) and putatively encodes a protein of 676 aa. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that OPK1 was most similar to other serine-threonine protein kinase in fungi. Southern blot analysis indicated that OPK1 is present as a single copy in the genome. RT-PCR showed it could be transcribed both in the phase of spore germination and hyphal growth.     

Molecular characterization of A2 and D strains of Soybean mosaic virus, which caused a recent virus outbreak in soybean cultivar Sachiyutaka in Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan

Coat protein sequences of two isolates in strain A₂ and five isolates in strain D of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which caused a recent mosaic outbreak in soybeans (cv. Sachiyutaka) in Chugoku and Shikoku in Japan, were compared to published data on 15 other Asian-origin isolates. Sequence comparison and cluster analysis showed that SMV isolates of strain A₂ from these districts were closely related, as were those of strain D, but strains A₂ and D were not. Thus, the two strains may have different origins and be carried through seed transmission.     

芽胞杆菌CQBS03抑菌蛋白TasA基因的克隆及原核表达

为了探讨柑桔溃疡病生防菌芽胞杆菌Bacillus CQBS03菌株TasA基因的功能,采用PCR方法从CQBS03基因组DNA中扩增出编码TasA基因的全长DNA序列,并构建pEASY-E1/TasA原核表达载体,经大肠杆菌Escherichia coli表达获得TasA基因的融合表达蛋白,纸碟法检验融合蛋白对柑桔溃疡病菌Xanthomonas citri citri的抑制作用。结果显示,CQBS03菌株的TasA基因包含1个786 bp的完整开放阅读框（GenBank登录号为JQ309841）,编码261个氨基酸残基;该序列与来源于解淀粉芽胞杆菌B.amyloliquefaciens的1个已知同源TasA基因序列FJ713580的相似性达99.75%。原核表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,检测到约31 kD的融合蛋白;纯化后的融合蛋白对柑桔溃疡病菌有明显的抑制作用,72 h后抑菌圈直径达11.5 mm。研究表明TasA基因是生防菌芽胞杆菌CQBS03抑制柑桔溃疡病菌的功能基因之一,并且该基因对原核表达宿主没有抑制作用,具有较好的开发利用前景。     

PTD-Cry3Aa原核融合表达产物对甘薯小象甲的活性研究

为探讨TAT PTD对苏云金杆菌鞘翅目特效基因CryAa是否具有协同作用,本试验在实现了融合基因TAT PTD-Cry3Aa大肠杆菌原核表达的基础上,以甘薯小象甲为生测对象测定了原核表达产物PTD-Cry3Aa与Cry3Aa的毒力。结果表明,用大肠杆菌表达的Cry3A和PTD-Cry3Aa包涵体初提物均对甘薯小象甲成虫和幼虫有杀虫活性,且表现出一定毒力增效作用,对成虫的增效倍数为2.01倍,对幼虫的增效作用更加明显,达到3.19倍。这一研究结果对于甘薯小象甲的生物防治研究以及转基因抗虫甘薯的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

砂梨扩展蛋白基因cDNA克隆及全序列分析

设计植物EXP扩展蛋白简并引物,以砂梨果实cDNA为模板,克隆得到EXP基因cDNA片段,该片段长465 bp。根据该片段序列,分别设计2条5’和3’末端扩增的特异引物,利用RACE技术,获得了该片段的5’端和3’端序列。用DNAMAN5.22软件对3个序列进行拼接和分析,获得了该基因的cDNA全长,命名为Pyp-EXP。该cDNA全长为1 395 bp,5’端起始密码子ATG始于72 bp,3’端终止子TAG止于830 bp,Ploy+(A)从1 363～1 395 bp。该基因已在GenBank基因数据库注册,注册号为EF602031。Pyp-EXP核苷酸序列有一个759 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码区与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃的同源性分别为96%,96%,94%和86%;该cDNA推导编码252个氨基酸,含有1个组氨酸(His_Phe_Asp,HFD)功能域,与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃中相应序列同源性分别为98%,97%,95%和93%。该基因的克隆为研究扩展蛋白的时空表达及其在果实发育和成熟过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌对松材线虫的杀线活性

在室内条件下,测定了17株苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis伴孢晶体蛋白对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的杀线活性。通过初筛,发现菌株020、RBT-200701的伴孢晶体蛋白对松材线虫有明显毒杀作用。在测试的浓度范围内（菌株020为6.37-203.9μg/ml;RBT-200701为13.7-438.8μg/ml）,菌株对松材线虫的校正死亡率随其浓度增大而提高;随时间延长杀虫效果提高。020菌株晶体蛋白24h、48h时对松材线虫的LC50、LC95分别为183.20、408.20μg/ml和80.132、25.29μg/ml;RBT-200701菌株伴孢晶体蛋白24、48h时对松材线虫的LC50、LC95分别为368.00、868.00μg/ml和82.73、382.73μg/ml。SDS-PAGE分析发现这2个菌株晶体蛋白的蛋白图谱不同。