秸秆深还机具特点和作业效率分析

秸秆深埋还田(秸秆深还)作为一种新兴的秸秆还田模式,其机具有别于地表覆盖还田和铧式犁翻压还田。为了科学管理、合理运用秸秆深还机械,提高机组的作业效率,在调查测试秸秆深还作业的基础上,对机具的特点进行了分析,同时对测试机组分别进行了时间利用率和作业效率分析。结果表明:对于各个机具的作业时间利用率和总作业效率影响因素有所不同。作业速度、幅宽、故障维修和地头转向是影响机械作业效率的主要因素。根据调查和分析的结果,针对秸秆深还作业中存在的问题提出了机组的合理运行模式。     

玉米DDGS中抗生素残留的潜在风险及其检测方法

本文就DDGS产品中抗生素残留风险及其检测方法作一综述。     

L'electrode potassium pour l'analyse des tissus vegetaux (The potassium electrode for plant tissue testing)

Abstract

A potassium specific‐ion electrode equiped with a “sensing module” was compared with atomic absorption for potassium determination in plant tissue. The potentiometric readings were stable and reproducible, and were of the same order of magnitude as those obtained by atomic absorption. The correletion coefficient obtained between the two analytical methods were highly significant; but it was higher for corn leaves, sugarbeet leaf‐blades and petioles respectively.     

HPLC法测定玉米酒糟中绿原酸的含量

采用浸提法提取玉米酒糟中绿原酸并用HPLC法测定其中的含量,采用安捷伦色C18（4.6mm×150mm,5μm）色谱柱,乙腈-0.5％磷酸溶液为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为327nm.结果表明绿原酸在0.232～2.784μg呈现良好的线性关系,玉米酒糟中绿原酸含量0.028％,平均回收率为95.80％,RSD=2.72％.试验证明了玉米酒糟中含有绿原酸,且其含量较高,为玉米酒糟的进一步开发提供科学依据.     

2020年底各地新玉米霉菌毒素风险分析

为了解呕吐毒素（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）在2020年底新玉米中的污染情况,指导饲料生产企业和养殖场（户）开展霉菌毒素防控,降低霉菌毒素对饲料质量安全及养殖动物的影响,避免经济受损的风险。2020年12月在市场上采集新玉米样本225份,采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法对其霉菌毒素污染情况进行检测,依据安佑集团相关企业标准标和GB 13078-2017《饲料卫生标准》进行判定分析。结果表明：新玉米中霉菌毒素检出率为96.0%,其中DON、ZEN和AFB1的检出率分别为85.8%、87.1%和86.7%|DON、ZEN和AFB1在新玉米中的污染状况差别较大,按《饲料卫生标准》判定的超标率分别为0.0%、0.4%和11.6%|最大检测值分别为2500、534 μg/kg和＞100 μg/kg。就产地而言,山西、内蒙古、东北、安徽、山东、河南、云南、陕西等地霉菌毒素污染较重。综上,与2019年及2020年玉米霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比,2020年底新玉米污染程度较重。 [关键词] 玉米|霉菌毒素|胶体金免疫层析法|上转发光免疫分析法|污染规律     

The effects of transportation stress on Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) fed corn‐based diet in comparison with wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase

Harvesting, handling and transporting quails to the slaughterhouses, other farms and laboratories might covertly reduce their welfare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two major sources of energy in poultry nutrition on reducing transportation stress in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). Male quails (n = 60) were divided into two groups. The first group was fed corn‐based diet, and the second was fed wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase. At the end of the experiment (day 35), quails were subjected to 80 km of transportation. Immediately on arrival and after 24 h, heterophil counts, lymphocyte counts and H:L ratios were measured. On arrival, H counts were lower, L counts were higher, and H:L ratios were lower for corn‐fed group. After 24 h, wheat‐fed group showed lower increment of H counts, greater increment of L counts and also decrement of H:L ratios rather than corn‐fed group which showed increment of H:L ratios. However, these ratios were still lower in corn‐fed group. Results indicate that corn‐based diets can help Japanese quail to better resist transportation stress, although it seems that feeding wheat‐based diets supplemented with xylanase and phytase could have positive effects for coping better with stress after journeys.     

收获期对玉米茎秸产量和营养价值的影响

研究适于云南亚热带地区的玉米品种.结果表明:玉米青秸产量以蜡熟期最高,干秸产量以完熟期最高;粗蛋白质产量和产奶净能量(NEL)均以蜡熟期最高;专用青贮玉米、粮饲玉米和普通玉米蜡熟期鲜秸产量分别为108.9、111.7和127.5 t/hm2,干秸产量为33.4、36.4和40.7 t/hm2,粗蛋白质产量为2.7、2.9和3.4 t/hm2,产奶净能量为49825.8、57789.4和64430.3 Mcal/t/hm2;高产优质玉米品种为京科9号、樱红和路单4号.     

玉米种衣剂配方数学模型筛选研究

采用二次回归旋转组合设计方法 ,对玉米种衣剂优化配方进行研究。通过利用计算机技术对试验数据进行处理和模拟寻优 ,建立了产量函数模型 ,筛选出产量≥ 975 0kg hm2 的最佳配方组合方案 ,并确定了置信域。     

早熟优质糯玉米杂交种西山糯的选育与特征特性

西山糯是贵州大学农学院玉米研究所以一个利用热带种质改良的温带 材料选育的优良自交系（南糯白）作母本，与一个带有独山白糯地方血缘和自交系（糯－1）作父本组配的糯玉米杂交种，根据品比、区试、生产试验和品质分析结果，该品种生育期早、抗逆性好、品质优良、丰产稳产、适应性广、制种产量较高，于2002年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定，予以推广。     

基于小波分析的玉米籽粒图像正形研究

近年来,通过对玉米籽粒的尺寸、外形、色泽等方面的研究,已获得了一些必要的单籽粒的视觉信息。但是,对于粮食作物而言,只有实现了作物籽粒的大规模、快速识别,才有可能在实际生产中得到广泛应用。为此,采用图像标记法,对含有众多的、散放的玉米籽粒图像进行处理,对标记图像中的像素进行逻辑判断,采用多尺度小波分析算法,实现籽粒分割、定位及正形。