饲料维生素C对急性降温后花鲈免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响

为研究饲料维生素C(Vc)对急性降温后花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)免疫、抗氧化及抗应激的影响,以含有不同水平Vc(6.85、46.90、88.24、167.43、329.21和658.69mg/kg)的饲料饲养花鲈56d后,进行急性降温(从33℃C水体转入27℃水体)处理24h和48h.结果显示,...     

中华鲟ASDIGIRR与ASTRAF6基因的克隆与表达

中华鲟是处在硬骨鱼类与软骨鱼类之间的中国古老的珍稀鱼类之一,但在人工繁殖和养殖过程中,容易受到不同疾病的危害,因此,需要深入研究其免疫调控,为其疾病预防提供理论依据。单个免疫球蛋白白细胞介素-1受体相关分子(SIGIRR)和肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)是toll样受体(TLR)信号通路的2个重要的信号转导元件。本研究鉴定了中华鲟的SIGIRR和TRAF6的同源物,分别命名为ASDIGIRR (Acipenser sinensis DIGIRR)和ASTRAF6 (A. sinensis TRAF6),并研究它们在正常组织中的表达和Poly(I:C)诱导后的表达模式。结果显示,ASDIGIRR和ASTRAF6在健康鲟的10个组织中均有表达,且分别在肠道和头肾组织中表达量最高;用Poly (I:C)孵育中华鲟脾脏细胞后,ASDIGIRR在3 h时的表达量显著下调,在6 h时恢复至正常水平,后在24 h显著上调达到最高值,随后开始下调,至48 h时仍显著高于对照组,而ASTRAF6在6 h达到最高表达量,维持到24 h后再下调,48 h时下降至最低水平。研究表明,ASDIGIRR和ASTRAF6在中华鲟抵御病原入侵的免疫防御过程中起着重要作用。     

The effects of vitamin E on non-specific immune response of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelodiscus sinensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on non-specific immune responses in juvenile soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Results showed that blood cell phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity were significantly improved in turtles from two diets (250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation), while had no significant improvement in turtles from the three remaining diets (50, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation) when compared to turtles from the control group. Serum bacteriolytic activity in turtles from diets with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation were higher than activity levels quantified for the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation diet and the control diet. The results suggest that vitamin E has an upper and lower threshold for improving non-specific immune function in soft-shelled turtles, and the optimal supplementation may be between 250 and 500 mg/kg.     

Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on the oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na/K ATPase of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia

The 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N and the effects of dietary vitamin C on oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia were investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC₅₀ of ammonia-N was 36.6 mg l⁻¹ for the freshwater prawn, M. nipponense, at pH 8.0. When prawns were exposed to high ambient ammonia-N concentrations, the oxygen consumption rate increased and ammonia excretion decreased. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to higher oxygen consumption and lower ammonia excretion. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity increased with increased ambient ammonia-N exposure in the range of 0–18.3 mg l⁻¹, and then was reduced at ambient ammonia-N 36.6 mg l⁻¹. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activities of prawns fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of prawns fed a diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C.     

基于16S rRNA和Cyt b基因序列探讨2种梅童鱼的遗传分化

比较分析了棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）和黑鳃梅童鱼（C.niveatus）的16SrRNA和Cytb基因片段序列差异及遗传分化程度。在长度为526bp的16SrRNA和379bp的Cytb基因片段的核苷酸序列中,2种间共检测到44处核苷酸替代。分析结果表明,2个基因片段的鸟嘌呤（G）含量较低,在Cytb蛋白质编码基因第三密码子位点上表现尤为明显。基于16SrRNA和Cytb基因片段分析结果显示,2种间平均遗传距离分别为0．012和0．111。构建的系统树显示2种梅童鱼在这2个基因片段上存在显著的遗传分化。根据Cytb基因2％／百万年的进化速率推断,棘头梅童鱼与黑鳃梅童鱼的分化时间约为550万年,发生于上新世（Pliocene）早期。     

杂交鳢(乌鳢♂×斑鳢♀)及其亲本血液指标的比较分析

本研究采用血细胞分析仪、流式细胞仪和血涂片制作方法,对杂交鳢及其亲本血液指标进行了比较分析。结果显示,杂交鳢(Channa argus♂×C.maculata♀)与其亲本相比,表现出明显杂种优势:在血液红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容上,杂交鳢都比亲本高,差异显著(P<0.05);在红细胞体积上,杂交鳢均比亲本小,差异显著(P<0.05);杂交鳢及其亲本血液中都含有较少比例的DNA合成期(S期)细胞,但彼此差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Interactive effects of dietary magnesium and vitamin E on growth performance,body composition,blood parameters and antioxidant status in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fed oxidized oil

A study was conducted to investigate effects and interactions of magnesium (Mg) and vitamin E (VE) on growth performance, body composition, hepatic antioxidant capacity and serum biochemistry parameters of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus under oxidative stress condition. Fish (initial average body weight of 6.10 ± 0.20 g) were fed 9 oxidized oil diets supplemented with 3 grade levels of Mg (0, 520 and 1570 mg kg^?1 diet) and VE (0, 60 and 200 mg kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks in freshwater. The results showed that diets supplemented 520 mg kg^?1 Mg and/or 60 mg kg^?1 VE had highest growth and muscle lipid content. There were highest total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and lowest malondialdehyde content in liver of fish fed diets supplemented 520 mg kg^?1 Mg and/or 60 mg kg^?1 VE. Contrary to Mg concentrations, Ca concentrations and Ca/Mg ratio in whole body were inversely related to dietary Mg levels. However, combined deficiency or excess of dietary Mg and VE led to the decrease of hepatic antioxidant capacity, body lipid deposition and growth of Japanese seabass under oxidative stress condition.     

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.     

三种免疫添加剂对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在饲料中添加不同剂量的Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖,连续投喂42d,并在试验的第14、28、35和42天取样检测,研究其对草鱼血清溶菌酶活性、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）活性、血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性、补体C3、含量丙二醛（MDA）含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性共6种指标的影响。结果显示：实验组与对照组相比,饲料中添加Vc可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性高,并降低MDA含量。添加酵母多糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,并降低MDA含量,但不能提高SOD活性。添加壳聚糖可以提高血清溶菌酶活性、SOD活性、AKP活性、补体C3含量和血液白细胞吞噬活性,但不能降低MDA含量。饲料中添加Vc、酵母多糖和壳聚糖均对草鱼的非特异性免疫功能具有一定的促进作用。     

单片机技术在自动给料系统中的应用

文章设计了基于单片机控制的送料机自动送料机控制系统,论述了单片机AT89C51在实现其生产过程控制的自动给料系统的设计方法。