Essential oil of Aloysia citriodora Paláu and citral: sedative and anesthetic efficacy and safety in Rhamdia quelen and Ctenopharyngodon idella

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of citral in inducing sedation and anesthesia in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and to assess the safety of essential oil (EO) of Aloysia citriodora and citral in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish.Study designClinical study, randomized, parallel, multi-arm with control group in target species.AnimalsA total of 96 juvenile and 72 adult silver catfish and 80 juvenile grass carp were used.MethodsSilver catfish and grass carp were exposed to different concentrations of citral, 15–675 and 15–600 μL L^–1, respectively, during the maximum period of 30 minutes to verify sedation and anesthesia induction and recovery times. In addition, for anesthetic induction, silver catfish were exposed to the EO of A. citriodora and citral at 225 μL L^–1 for 3.5 minutes. Then, fish were transferred to an anesthesia maintenance solution at 50 μL L^–1 for 10 minutes to assess hematologic and biochemical variables at 60 minutes, 2 and 6 days after treatment.ResultsCitral only induced sedation from 15, 25 and 40 μLL^–1 in both species. Anesthesia without mortality was induced in silver catfish at 50–600 μL L^–1 and grass carp at 75–450 μL L^–1. At 675 and 600 μL L^–1, mortality was recorded in silver catfish and grass carp, respectively. The EO of A. citriodora and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish, with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration being the only variable that varied in relation to time and treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCitral was effective in inducing sedation and anesthesia in both species. In addition, A. citriodora EO and citral were safe in inducing and maintaining anesthesia in silver catfish. Both agents are promising substances for the development of new drugs for fish.     

综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的问题及对策

分析综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的目标定位、优势和不足等问题,提出加强综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的对策及建议。     

畜牧兽医类中利用标本的重要性分析

概述标本的概念分类、畜牧兽医学科的特点,并以此看出标本对于该学科的重要意义。     

《兽医寄生虫病学》课程思政教学的探索

为全面落实立德树人的根本任务,基于《兽医寄生虫病学》课程的特点,深入挖掘课程所蕴含的思政元素,并将其融入教学过程,将有助于培养德才兼备、符合社会需求的高素质应用型动物医学专业人才。     

基于WOS的畜牧兽医学科发文统计分析——以5所211农业院校为例

基于WOS(Web of Science,全球获取学术信息的主要数据库),对我国5所211农业院校的畜牧兽医学科近10年的发文进行统计分析,并以西北农林科大学为例进行了详细分析,展现了我国畜牧兽医学科领域的科研现状与问题。     

神经胶质瘤术后放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗的临床疗效及安全性评估

目的：分析神经胶质瘤患者术后放疗同步替莫唑胺（ Temozolomide,TMZ）化疗的临床疗效及其安全性.方法将收治的86例神经胶质瘤术后患者随机分为两组. A组（43例）采用三维适形放疗同步TMZ化疗,B组（43例）采用单纯三维适形放疗,所有治疗均在术后1个月内开始.比较两组患者的临床疗效、术后1,2,3 a的生存率、Karnofsky评分及毒副作用.结果 A组的客观有效率（ Objective response rate,ORR）和疾病控制率（ disease control rate,DCR）分别为76.7%和90.7%,显著高于B组（55.8%和74.4%）（P〈0.05）;治疗后,两组Karnofsky评分均较治疗前有所提高,且A组显著高于B组（P〈0.05）;术后中位生存期及术后1,2,3 a的生存率A组均显著高于B组（P〈0.05）;两组治疗期间的毒副作用比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论放疗同步TMZ化疗是神经胶质瘤术后一种安全、有效的辅助治疗方法,可提高近远期疗效和术后的生存率,且并不增加药物毒性作用.     

中兽药防治大肠杆菌性仔猪腹泻研究

仔猪腹泻是严重的仔猪疾病之一,常用抗生素进行治疗,但细菌耐药性导致药物的治疗效果下降。目前,有很多研究报道中草药防治仔猪腹泻取得了良好的疗效。本文从中药抗动物腹泻的作用机理、仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的中兽医辨证、中药抗仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的作用机理三个方面展开论述中药防治仔猪腹泻的研究进展,为防治仔猪腹泻的中兽药开发提供理论基础。     

兽药行业的现状与发展展望

从生产能力、企业数量、新药研发评审等总结了国内外兽药行业的现状,并对国内兽药生产企业的研发工作提出了展望。     

Farm and Personal Characteristics of the Clientele of a Community-based Animal Health Service Programme in Northern Malawi

The social background, farm characteristics, indicators of income and self-evaluation returns of 96 randomly selected users of a Basic Animal Health Service (BAHS) programme in northern Malawi were compared with those of 96 matched past-users and 96 non-users, respectively. All 288 farms were visited between July and October 1997. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The results showed that, on average, BAHS users had larger cattle herds (16.3) than part-users (14.7) or non-users (12.4). Similarly, the annual yields of crops were higher for users compared to either of the other groups. Users occupied better houses and owned a larger number of farm and household items than did part-users or non-users. A third of all farmers were engaged in additional income generation to lessen the risk of poverty. However, analysis of the livestock management and the educational background of the farmers suggested that usage of the BAHS programme was not only determined by already existing `wealth'. Improved livestock husbandry and management measures, which do not require capital investment, were more frequently applied by users compared to either of the other groups. Non-users and part-users had attained a lower level of education, were less open towards improved farming methods and felt less knowledgeable than BAHS users. The average straight-line distances from farms using BAHS to their respective village animal health worker (2.2 km) or veterinary assistant (2.9 km) were similar but varied according to ecological zone. Intensified extension and awareness meetings in villages will be required to get more non-users involved in BAHS.     

我国兽药行业科技成果转化及思考

基于我国2016-2020年批准的兽药产品数据,从新兽药种类、新兽药研发及转化主体、新兽药成果转化方式等方面进行分析。结合国家当前科技成果转化政策及兽药行业政策,本文分析了我国兽药科技成果转化过程中存在的问题,提出进一步促进我国兽药行业科技成果转化对策建议,以期为兽药行业科研发展、科技成果转化提供参考。