A longitudinal study of veterinary students and recent graduates 2. Views of the veterinary profession

Objective To examine the development of attitudes and opinions relating to the veterinary profession.
Design Longitudinal study.
Population Students, 154 in all, who began studying veterinary science at The University of Queensland in 1985 and 1986.
Procedure Questionnaires were completed in the first and fifth year of the course and in the second year after graduation. The data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows.
Results Few changes in opinion over time were found on the role of the profession, or on the status and prestige of veterinarians. Changes did occur in views on the characteristics of a successful veterinarian, with increases in the perceived importance of interpersonal skills, and of the capacity to work hard, and decreases in the perceived importance of honesty and integrity, dedication and the prevention of cruelty. Attitudes hardened over time in relation to costs of treatment, non-payment of fees and availability out of hours. Individuals changed their opinion on whether to counsel or report an incompetent colleague, but the changes in one direction were approximately equal to those in the opposite direction.
Conclusions The attitudes and opinions of veterinary graduates result from experiences before and during their veterinary course. In general the perceived importance of interpersonal skills increases during the course, and the level of altruism decreases.     

加强兽药研究开发提升行业科技创新水平

提升行业科技创新水平为主题,回顾和分析了我国新兽药研究开发的历程和研究现状及面临的形势,并围绕创新与发展的要求,提出了加强兽药研究开发的对策及建议。     

猪鸡肉质性状分子标记及主效基因的研究进展

本文回顾了近年来猪鸡肉质性状的分子遗传标记及主效基因的研究进展。研究结果表明 ,已发现了 6 0个影响肉质性状的QTLs,它们分别位于染色体 1,2 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7,8,10 ,11,12 ,13,14 ,15 ,17,18和X ,其中 9个和 1个分别达到了 5 %和 1%基因组水平 ;影响肉质的主效基因达 2 0个左右 ,它们包括氟烷基因、糖原基因及影响肌肉含量、背膘厚和肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状的基因 ,其中氟烷基因和糖原基因的研究结果得到公认 ,其余基因的报道还有待进一步验证     

N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸的研究进展

近年来研究表明 ,N 甲基 D 天冬氨酸 (NMDA)对神经和内分泌具有重要的调控作用。适量的NMDA能够显著促进动物腺垂体中生长激素 (GH)、黄体生成素 (LH)、促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)以及催乳素 (PRL)的分泌。本文对NMDA的结构、分布、生物合成、检测方法以及生物学功能等作一简要综述 ,并对其在畜牧业上的应用前景作一展望     

West Nile virus: lessons from the 21st century

Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) first appeared in the United States in 1999, causing illness and death in birds, horses, and humans. While the initial outbreak of this sometimes deadly viral disease was limited to the northeastern United States, the virus had an inexorable migration across the continental United States over the next 3 years, causing huge losses among the affected species. The purpose of this review is to present currently available information regarding the epi‐demiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of WNV infection. Veterinarians, particularly those in an emergency practice, serve as an important source of reliable information regarding this disease for animal owners and the public in general. Data sources: Data sources used for the preparation of this review include computer‐based searches of PubMed and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) abstracts. A search in PubMed using ‘West Nile’ retrieved 1468 ‘hits’ or references, while a similar search in CAB abstracts produced 815 references. Additional information was obtained from various meeting proceedings, particularly data presented in abstract form, and from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website dedicated to WNV. Human data synthesis: Prior to the mid‐1990s, reported large‐scale epidemics of WNV infection in humans predominantly presented as acute, mild, febrile disease, sometimes associated with lymphadenopathy and skin rash. The recent large epidemic in the United States, in contrast, has prominently featured encephalitis, particularly among the elderly. Additionally, polio‐encephalomyelitis‐like complications resulting in long‐term neurologic sequelae have been reported. There are many WNV‐permissive native avian and mosquito hosts in the Unites States and there appear to be few limitations to the spread of the disease in the United States. It is expected that the virus will be identified in all 48 continental states, Mexico, and Canada by the end of 2003. Veterinary data synthesis: The horse is the animal species most affected by the recent WNV epidemic in the United States, and losses to the equine industry have been large and unprecedented. A United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)‐approved vaccine against WNV has been in use in horses since 2001 and appears to be effective in limiting the incidence of disease in well‐vaccinated populations. WNV infection has been documented in other species of mammals, including camelids (alpaca/llamas) and dogs, and veterinarians should include WNV as a differential diagnosis for animals presenting with clinical signs consistent with central nervous system infection. A large concern exists for endangered bird populations, particularly birds of prey, whether in zoos or in the wild.     

贵州省水城县基层兽医面临的问题及对策

对水城县基层兽医人员存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策.     

肌肽——一种有待开发的天然抗氧化剂

肌肽 (β 丙氨酰 L 组氨酰 ) ,是一种发现于动物骨骼肌和大脑的二肽。作为一种天然的抗氧化剂 ,肌肽能够有效地清除活性氧和自由基 ,并且能够抑制脂质氧化。肌肽也可以从动物的肌肉中进行提取 ,提取液经试验研究具有明显的抗氧化性。肌肽在抵抗衰老 ,激发免疫活性以及信息传导方面也具有一定的生物学功效     

血液流变学在兽医临床中的应用

血液流变学是近 2 0年来由生物流变学向医学渗透发展起来的一门新兴学科。它主要研究人和动物体生理、病理条件下血液的流动性、凝固性 ,有形成分的聚积性、变形性 ,心血管的黏弹性和变形性的宏观、微观发生变化的原因及其变化规律。研究表明 ,人和动物的运动、肌肉收缩、神经兴奋与传导 ,各种脏器的活动 ,细胞内外的物质交流 ,尤其是血液的流动 ,细胞的分散与聚积以及变形能力 ,都直接影响着血液的循环流动 ,组织和器官的物质供应 ,内外环境的相对稳定 ,机体免疫功能和体液调节系统等。血液流变学在兽医临床中得到广泛应用 ,并将逐渐发展成为动物医学一门独立学科。文章综述了血液流变学的发展过程、研究概况、以及在兽医临床中的应用     

欧美兽药质量管理分析

我国兽药产业较欧美等发达国家起步晚,质量水平和管理水平有待进一步提高。为有效提高我国兽药质量和管理水平,发达国家成熟的管理经验值得学习和借鉴。本文分别从法律体系、管理体系及企业现状三个方面介绍了美国和欧盟的兽药质量管理现状,以供业内人士参考。