生长抑素在动物生产上研究进展

本文综述了生长抑素的特点及影响动物生长、生产性能的作用机理 ,并对其耗竭剂、基因工程疫苗及主、被动免疫的研究、应用状况进行了总结、分析。生长抑素是通过抑制动物体内多种激素 (生长激素、胰岛素等 )、消化酶 (胃蛋白酶、胰液、胃酸等 )的分泌和胃肠道的运动而抑制动物的生长的。生长抑素的耗竭剂目前研究的有 :半胱胺和大豆黄酮。生长抑素的主、被动免疫在促进动物生长、改善动物的生产性能方面 ,已被大多数人接受 ,但报道结果不尽一致 ,另外也存在着一些问题 ,象激素及其代谢产物残留、过敏反应等。因此要在实践中广泛应用 ,仍需要做大量的研究。     

Ciprofloxacin resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from shelter dogs in Texas

There are few epidemiologic studies on the shedding of Campylobacter among dogs in the United States, despite the potential public health implications. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of faecal Campylobacter shedding among Texas shelter dogs as detected by culture methods and to characterize the isolates by species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Using a cross‐sectional study design, faecal samples were collected from 185 dogs in six animal shelters throughout Texas between May and December 2014. Four culture methods were used to isolate Campylobacter from samples, and isolates were characterized. The prevalence of Campylobacter shedding was 45.4% (84/185; 95% CI, 38.1%–52.9%). Of 294 isolates from the 84 positive dogs, 26 (8.8%) isolates from seven dogs were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Two of the isolates from one dog demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Direct plating on mCCDA‐CAT agar without enrichment identified the highest number of positive dogs (62%; 52/84). Incidence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Campylobacter infections among humans has increased over the last several years. Canine shedding of Campylobacter is a potential source of zoonotic transmission.     

Owner perceptions of radiotherapy treatment for veterinary patients with cancer

Veterinary clients may have trepidation about treating their pet with radiotherapy because of concerns about radiation side effects or repeated anaesthetics. The purpose of this study is to assess whether owners' attitudes towards veterinary radiotherapy, including concerns over side effects, change during the course of treatment, and whether radiotherapy was perceived to affect pets' quality of life (QOL). A prospective cohort study of clients from 2012 to 2015 was performed. Pets received palliative or definitive radiotherapy for various tumours. Clients completed questionnaires before, during and after radiotherapy. Questions assessed owner preconceptions before treatment, including side effect expectations, actual side effects experienced and overall satisfaction with the process. In addition, at each time point, the owners assessed their pet's QOL using a simple numerical scale. Forty‐nine patients were included. After completing treatment, owners were significantly less concerned about potential side effects of radiotherapy (P < 0.001), side effects associated with repeat anaesthetics (P < 0.001), and about radiotherapy in general (P < 0.001). QOL did not show a significant change at any point during or after treatment. Following treatment, 94% reported that the experience was better than expected and 100% supported the use of radiotherapy in pets. This is the first prospective study evaluating client attitudes and satisfaction before and after radiotherapy treatment in pets. The results indicate that radiotherapy is well tolerated, and the anxiety associated with radiotherapy is significantly alleviated after experiencing the process. These results will help veterinarians allay client concerns, and will hopefully lead to an increase in clients pursuing radiotherapy in pets.     

动物医学专业本科应用型人才培养目标实现路径探索 ——以新疆农业大学为例

根据新疆畜牧业发展需求,新疆农业大学动物医学专业确立了本科应用型人才培养目标。为实现该目标,在学科建设理念、课程体系建设、实践体系建设等方面进行了探索,对培养过程中存在的问题进行了梳理,并提出了今后努力的方向。     

中兽药散剂中非法添加酰胺醇类药物的检测方法研究

建立了高效液相色谱测定中兽药散剂中甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考、氯霉素3种非法添加药物的方法。采用Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1. 0 m L/min,检测波长为224和278 nm。该方法选取4种常见中药散剂:健胃散、止痢散、球虫散、胃肠活。经验证,甲砜霉素的检测限为3 g/kg、氟苯尼考及氯霉素的检测限均为4 g/kg,对照溶液的线性范围为10～500μg/m L,峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0. 11%、0. 11%、0. 13%。按外标法计算其回收率,三种药物的回收率均在98. 0%～103. 0%,变异系数均在0. 6%～1. 6%。与传统的标准检测方法相比,研究最终完成了几种中兽药制剂中同时检测三种酰胺醇类药物,突破了原有标准中一种药物的检测方法,提高了检测工作效率,同时该方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确度和稳定性,能够满足对三种药物常规检测的要求。在实际工作中,通过对不同类别固体兽药制剂进行实验探索验证,得出该方法具有很好的适用性,为相关检测单位的检测工作提供了一定的技术支持,提高违法添加的检出率。     

山东省减抗背景下的中兽药产业调研分析

基于对山东省兽药生产企业和养殖企业中兽药生产和使用情况的调研,本文深入分析了我省中兽药发展现状和存在的问题,针对性地提出了中兽药产业发展的对策建议。需着力构建全产业链发展格局;不断释放市场创新创业活力;快速实现我省中兽药产业现代化;充分发挥好政策对产业引领作用;着力打造专业化人才队伍。并不断推进兽用抗菌药减量化示范行动等综合措施,从根本上遏制兽用抗菌药滥用,提倡使用中兽药等绿色高效产品的减抗行动,以期降低细菌耐药性的发生和发展,保障畜禽产品质量安全。     

Septic peritonitis secondary to a perforating gastric foreign body in an Irish Sport Horse gelding

A 17-year-old Irish Sport Horse gelding was referred to the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for low-grade colic that had been nonresponsive to medical treatment. Diagnostic investigation revealed a marked septic peritonitis. The inciting cause was detected by gastroscopy to be a perforating foreign body in the pylorus of the stomach from a briar of a blackthorn plant (Prunus spinosa spp.). Successful removal of the foreign body was achieved surgically via gastrotomy. The horse subsequently developed a multi-drug resistant abdominal incision site infection, which was successfully managed over a 2-month period. Abdominal incisional herniation occurred thereafter. Six months post-operatively, the horse was back in light work and no further adverse sequelae had been noted.     

重庆市渝北区兽医工作“三项制度”实践与探讨

自2015年重庆市农业委员会出台兽医工作"三项制度"以来,即"以监促防、以检计酬"的兽医延伸绩效考核管理制度、基于监(检)测报告或风险评估报告的产地检疫制度及畜禽饲养场动物疫病自行检测制度,渝北区已在全区范围推行并取得了良好效果。全区通过组织专题培训、科学划分监(检)测单元、出台考核细则等实施办法,激发了基层兽医人员工作主动性,推进了服务管理对象自主(委托)检测,提升了产地检疫权威性;但仍存在养殖业主主观能动性不高和基层兽医队伍需更新补充的问题。建议加强对养殖户的宣传培训及巡查督导,加快基层兽医队伍的更新换代。     

兽药追溯系统建设的问题思考和建议

兽药二维码追溯是实现传统兽药行业与互联网+深度融合的重要桥梁。通过在兽药生产、经营、使用、监督全过程中实施闭环追溯,可以实现对兽药产品质量的高效把控和有效监管。论文分析了当前我国兽药二维码追溯系统建设的现状,指出了在生产环节二维码印刷、扫码入库出库和经营环节从业者自身素质、监督执法环节法律依据等多个普遍存在的问题,并针对性提出了相应的解决对策建议,并讨论了在新形势下,二维码追溯对兽药行业的发展带来的影响和变革,以期为今后兽药行业发展思路和方向提供借鉴。