Alley cropping of maize with calliandra and leucaena in the subhumid highlands of Kenya: Part 2. Biomass decomposition, N mineralization, and N uptake by maize

A major challenge in developing agroforestry approaches that utilize tree-leaf biomass for provision of N to crops is to ensure synchrony between the N released from decomposing prunings and N demand by crops. A study was conducted in the subhumid highlands of Kenya to assess the rate of decomposition and mineralization of soil-incorporated Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner (calliandra) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (leucaena) tree biomass and maize roots (Zea mays L.) both in an alley cropping and a sole cropping system. The amount of mineralized N peaked four weeks after planting (WAP) maize in all the treatments during both seasons of 1995. Cumulative mineralized N at week 20 ranged from 114 to 364 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹, the absolute control treatment giving the lowest and the prunings-incorporated treatments giving the highest amounts in the two seasons. Total N uptake by maize, ranging from 42 to 157 kg ha⁻¹ season⁻¹, was lowest in the 'alley-cropped, prunings-removed' treatments, and highest in the 'non alley-cropped-prunings-incorporated' treatments. The apparent N recovery rate by maize was highest in the fertilizer applied treatments in the two seasons. Decomposition rate constants (kD) ranged from 0.07 to 0.21 week⁻¹, and the rates among the different plant residues were as follows: leucaena < calliandra < maize roots. Nitrogen release rate constants (kN), ranging from 0.04 to 0.25 week⁻¹, followed a similar pattern as the rate of decomposition with leucaena releasing the highest amount of N followed by calliandra and lastly by maize roots. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大连地区美国白蛾的综合治理技术初报

美国白蛾属世界性检疫害虫,在大连地区发生较普遍．多年来,对其防治措施进行了探讨和研究,摸索出了综合治理方案,即以营林为基础,调整植物群落;利用美国白蛾的生物学特性,采取适宜的人工防治措施;生物防治是治本性措施,前景广阔;生物农药防治和化学防治是急救措施．     

Cephalosporins – pharmacological basis of clinical use in veterinary dermatology

Cephalosporins form a large group of β-lactam antibiotics which are used extensively in human medicine and to a lesser extent in domestic animals. In veterinary dermatology, the principle use for the cephalosporins is the clinical management of canine pyoderma associated with Staphylococcus intermedius . In practice, the use of orally administered first generation cephalosporin drugs to affected dogs is well tolerated and highly efficacious. Bacterial drug resistance appears to occur rarely.     

犬瘟热,猫细小病毒,犬腺病毒弱毒株的理化特性及生物学试验

以鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）、猫肾传代细胞（ＣＲＦＫ）、狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）从引进的疫苗中分别分离到犬瘟热ＣＤＶ－Ａ株、猫细小病毒ＦＰＶ株、犬腺病毒ＣＡＶ１株。对三个弱毒株的细胞病变规律,形态特征,病毒滴度,理化特性,核酸型,血清学交叉反应,本动物的安全性及免疫原性等内容进行了试验。鉴定结果表明,３个弱毒株均可作为制苗用毒种     

两系杂交稻制种中无毒化学去雄剂应用研究初报

为了解决异常低温导致两系杂交水稻种子纯度降低的问题,开展了无毒化学去雄剂应用技术研究。结果表明：在幼穗分化Ⅶ期中,按０．３６０ｇ／ｍ２剂量使用无毒化学去雄剂能显著提高培两优２８８和培两优特青制种纯度,真杂种产量略有降低,药剂对杂种一代幼苗生长无不利影响,但处理后的水稻植株对“九二０”轻度钝感,且生育期延长２～３ｄ     

防治山楂叶螨常用药剂的应用研究

山楂叶螨是苹果园的主要害虫之一.在该螨的药剂防治中如何选择适当的药剂并正确地使用是保证其防治效果的关键。研究结果表明：螨死净的防治效果是为突出．其次为哒螨灵．这两种药剂都可在苹果落花后喷洒;灭扫利、辛硫灭扫利、氰久也有较好效果,中后期使用较为适宜;有机磷类药剂及三氯杀螨醇效果较差,已不宜用于山楂叶螨的防治。     

太白洋参化学成分的研究

对太白洋参中的脂肪酸、有机酸及１５种化学元素进行了测定和分析。结果表明,太白洋参中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸的７６．８２％,且主要由亚麻酸、亚油酸和油酸组成;太白洋参中富含酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸和柠檬酸４种有机酸及Ｍｇ,Ｃａ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｐ５种化学元素,这些化学成分在人体生命运动中起着非常重要的作用     

Integrated pest management of potato tuber moth in field and storage

Summary The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in field and storage. Tuber moth is active throughout the year in North Africa but is most active from late April to early August. Many cultural practices that are used by farmers to improve the yield and quality of potato can also limit the development of the potato tuber moth and minimise damage to tubers. As the farmers gain more experience with both agronomic practices and chemical insecticides, they are likely to rely more heavily on cultural practices and less on insecticides to manage PTM. Measures which could keep PTM damages in rustic and diffuse light stores to a minimum are discussed. Ideally, there is need to integrate pest management in potato fields and stores. PTM control in stores was found to be more effective if infestation in fields was kept to a minimum. Low infestation at harvest and rapid handling of the potatoes going into store established good initial storage conditions and decreased the likelihood of post-harvest losses. Biological insecticides in particular were more effective in preventing losses by insects in stores in cases where the initial level of infestation was relatively low.     

百喜草对丘陵红壤改土保肥的研究

通过对丘陵红壤种植百喜草,并结合某些乡土草种、引进草种的试验比较,探讨了百喜草的种植对土壤的理化因子（土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤中各营养元素、ｐＨ）的影响。结果表明：在丘陵红壤上种植百喜草具有百喜草具有明显改良红壤理化因子的作用,弥补了红壤理化因子的许多不足。     

稻米淀粉影响食味品质机理的研究进展

稻米食味品质是决定消费者选择和市场流通最重要的因素之一。稻米食味品质主要是由淀粉（少量蛋白质和脂肪）在水和温度共同作用下经过一段时间物理和化学变化形成独特的质构和滋味。本文介绍了稻米食味品质评价的发展历程,综述了淀粉组成结构、淀粉与其他成分互作、淀粉生物合成与分解对食味品质的影响,以及利用分子生物学手段对稻米食味品质改良的研究进展,以期为稻米食味品质提升、水稻品质育种提供参考。