稻曲病侵染时期和流行因素研究

分期接种试验的结果表明,稻曲病对水稻的侵染时期,主要在孕穗末期至破口期,病菌侵入籽粒在水稻开花前。3a的系统调查和对比分析结果说明,水稻穗期最高气温>32℃的天数少,降雨量大,有利病菌的侵入和发展流行,品种间抗(耐)病性差异显著。近年来稻曲病发生严重的主要原因是单季晚稻的大面积种植,穗期气候条件适宜病害发生流行。     

Simple diagnosis using ethanol immersion of strawberry plants with latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum, Dendrophoma obscurans, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae

Simple diagnosis by ethanol immersion (SDEI) to detect Glomerella cingulata was used to detect three other fungi that also cause latent infection of strawberry plants. Signs on strawberry leaves with asymptomatic latent infection by Colletotrichum acutatum became visible using SDEI. Salmon-pink conidial masses were produced in the acervuli on the treated leaves 5 days after incubation at 28°C. In the case of Dendrophoma obscurans, pycnidia with amber conidial masses formed 5 days after incubation at 28°C. The pycnidia were observed mainly on the ribs, and conidial masses exuded from the ostiole. These macroscopic conidial masses were similar to those of G. cingulata and C. acutatum. When water was dripped onto a lesion caused by D. obscurans, the pycnidia exuded white filamentous conidial masses, making the distinction of D. obscurans from G. cingulata or C. acutatum. On petioles with latent infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, white aerial hyphae grew out from the vascular tissues on the cut surface 3 days after incubation at 28°C and were easily observed by eye or with a loupe. Thus, SDEI was also useful for diagnosing latent infection of strawberry plants by C. acutatum, D. obscurans, and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.     

通过自制PCR试剂盒确诊雏鹅细小病毒感染

通过 PCR条件选择 ,组装了可用于确诊鹅细小病毒 (goose parvovirus,GPV)感染的试剂盒。首先根据 Gen Bank中已发表的鹅细小病毒不同株的核苷酸序列 ,设计并合成了 GPV特异性简并引物 ,利用该引物确定 PCR扩增条件 ,并鉴定了扩增产物的特异性。根据上述扩增条件 ,组装 GPV诊断试剂盒。试剂盒共有 3个反应管 ,贮于 - 2 0℃ ,应用时取 1号管 ,加入煮沸的肝脏悬液上清 ,2、3号管分别为阴性和阳性对照。按固定条件扩增 ,结果显示 ,待检病料的检出率在 96 %以上。该试剂盒操作简单 ,效果稳定 ,可用于 GPV感染的确诊     

Significance of local immunity in hen reproductive organs

The current paper describes aspects of local immunity in the ovary and oviduct, and the significance of immunity to reproductive functions in hens. The immunocompetent cell populations in the ovary and oviduct change with a positive correlation to sexual activity, and gonadal steroid is one of the key factors in the increase. Local immune responses mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II and T cell subsets occur in response to infection by Salmonella enteritidis, which may contaminate eggs. In the ovary, immunocompetent cells are also suggested to play roles in the regulation of ovarian functions. Macrophages and T cells are likely to enhance the regression of atretic follicles to maintain the ovarian tissue microenvironment. Autoantibodies to ovarian tissues appeared in the hens with low egg laying frequency, suggesting that the auto‐antibodies may be one of the factors in the decline of egg production. In the oviduct, local immunity possibly has a role in the selection of sperm, though the immunoreactions may also affect sperm survival leading to the decline in fertility. The concentration of yolk IgY, which plays a role in maternal immunity transmission, significantly decreases with the aging of birds, whereas it is significantly increased by estrogen. Therefore, the immune system plays significant roles not only in defense against infection, but also in the functions of reproductive organs. Investigations on the local immune system in the reproductive organs and factors affecting it are of importance for the production of sterile eggs and improvement of reproductive functions.     

The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.     

人工诱发鸡新城疫的攻毒条件的比较研究

将4周龄淮南麻黄鸡80羽随机平均分成4组：口鼻接种组、皮下接种组、肌肉接种组和空白对照组，分别用不同稀释度的NDV攻毒，观察攻毒结果并统计死亡情况。结果不同攻毒途径的致病性有差异，肌肉注射致病性最强，皮下注射次之，滴鼻滴口最弱。不同攻毒途径所需的攻毒剂量各不相同，滴鼻滴口所需的剂量最大，皮下注射次之，肌肉注射量最小。本文对造成不同攻毒途径致病性差异的原因进行了深入探讨。人工诱发新城疫，建议采用注射途径。     

立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的研发及质量检测分析

介绍了我国立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的发展,简述立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的组成、工作原理和优越性,分析质量检测及立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机技术的发展,展望制定行业标准的预期效果。     

我国马铃薯主产区病毒病发生情况调查

为了解我国马铃薯病毒病发生情况,在马铃薯主产区黑龙江、内蒙古、甘肃、云南等马铃薯田采集了具有典型病毒病症状的样品、疑似样品和随机无症样品,试管苗和原原种为随机样品,共649份。应用DASELISA方法筛查6种马铃薯主要病毒:PVX、PVY、PVS、PLRV、PVM和PVA。结果表明:129份样品为阳性,PVY的检出率最高,为9.86%,PVS次之,为6.47%;试管苗PVS检出最多,为32份,原原种PVX检出最多,为10份,大田样品PVY病毒发生比例最高,为54份;有38份样品是由多种病毒复合侵染造成的,大田PVY+PVS复合侵染率最高,为2.93%,PVS+PVY+PLRV次之,为0.98%,试管苗PVS+PVM复合侵染率最高,为4.85%。通过历年的检测结果比较,试管苗中PVS病毒检出率最高,原原种中PVX和PLRV病毒成为危害最为严重的病害,大田样品中PVY检出率一直居高不下。