乙烯和葡萄糖处理对‘洛阳红’牡丹切花花色和花青素苷合成的影响

以‘洛阳红’牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’）切花为试材,研究10 μL ? L-1乙烯处理、1 μL ? L-1乙烯抑制剂1-MCP处理、90 g ? L-1葡萄糖处理、90 g ? L-1葡萄糖 + 10 μL ? L-1乙烯复合处理对切花花色和花青素苷含量的影响,以蒸馏水处理为对照。研究结果表明：乙烯处理的切花花色明度增加,红度和彩度下降,花瓣花青素苷含量下降;1-MCP处理与对照无显著差异;葡萄糖处理花色明度下降,红度和彩度增加,花瓣花青素苷含量增加;葡萄糖乙烯复合处理对切花花色及花青素苷积累也有明显改善与促进作用。对花青素苷合成相关基因表达量分析的结果表明,乙烯处理对基因表达有抑制作用,而葡萄糖处理有显著的正调控作用,葡萄糖乙烯复合处理则显著缓解了单独乙烯处理对基因表达的负调控作用。葡萄糖信号和乙烯信号之间一定程度上存在互作,葡萄糖缓解了乙烯对牡丹切花花青素苷合成的抑制作用。     

雷帕霉素预处理延缓牡丹‘洛阳红’切花衰老的生理效应

为研究雷帕霉素靶标激酶TOR在牡丹开花衰老过程中的生理作用,以牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)‘洛阳红’切花为试材,用0.01μmol·L^-1雷帕霉素预处理2 h后瓶插,并测定瓶插寿命、能量物质含量、糖分含量、乙烯释放速率、呼吸速率、MDA含量以及Ps TOR、Ps Sn RK1和Ps HXK1表达量变化。结果表明:雷帕霉素预处理可延长该牡丹切花的瓶插最佳观赏期和增大花朵的最大花径;另外,雷帕霉素预处理还可提高花瓣可溶性糖含量和能荷积累,降低呼吸耗能和MDA含量,并下调瓶插初期PsSnRK1和PsHXK1的表达水平,上调瓶插后期PsTOR和PsSnRK1的表达水平。说明雷帕霉素可通过TOR途径调控能量感知,延缓牡丹切花的开放和衰老进程,进而提高瓶插品质。     

Experimental Analysis of Vibration Behavior for Large-span Underground Structure

In this paper, a shaking table test for large-span underground structure is introduced. Based on the test, the frequency of inherent vibration, damping ratio and the dynamic response of the structure are studied. The response of the underground structure for vertical seismic excitation is studied as a key point. With the different imbedding depth, the influence of interaction of soil and structure on the earthquake-resistant capacity of the underground structure is discussed.     

New Algorithms for Data Discretization Based on Rough Set Theory

The discretization of real values is always one of the key problems to be solved in the domain of machine learning for its great contribution to speeding up the followed learning algorithms, cutting down the real demand of algorithms on running space and time, and improving the clustering capability of the ultimate learning results. The basic characteristics and framework of discretization approaches based on rough set model are analyzed at first, then the different measurements of the importance of candidate cuts are discussed and researched. Two new heuristic algorithms are put forward to finally select the useful cuts from a candidate set. The selected cuts of the two algorithms will adequately maintain the discernible relation of information systems for their full considering the specialty of rough set, which perfectly embodies the advantages of this theory. Moreover, excellent discretization results may be expected through these heuristic algorithms.     

A Globally Convergent Algorithm for Nonlinear Programming

A new globally convergent algorithm was presented for a continuous differen-tiable nonlinear programming by defining a measure function deviating from the Kuhn-Tucker point. With this algorithm which can be used to get the optimum solution of the problem,the optimal lagrangian multiplier corresponding the optimal solution of the problem was also obtained. A new iterative algorithm for quadratic programming is obtained when applying the general algorithm to quadratic programming. Finally,a numerical example was given.     

红肉火龙果果实生长动态规律研究

为研究人工授粉和自然授粉2种授粉方式红肉火龙果果实生长动态规律,对授粉第5天后的果实进行纵横径测定,以后每隔5天测定一次,直至果实成熟;再计算果实纵横径、体积及净生（增）长并对2种授粉方式果实的生长动态曲线进行比较。结果表明,2种授粉方法果实纵横径在授粉后5~10天生长较快,出现最大的净生长;人工授粉纵横径生长在同一时期比自然授粉快;人工授粉果实体积呈现“快-慢-快”的双“S”形增长动态曲线,而自然授粉体积增长只呈现“快-慢”的“S”形增长动态曲线;人工授粉果实体积在着色至采收期间仍保持较快生长。因此在授粉后的前期（5~10天）和后期（20~25天）应加强肥水管理,促进果实纵横径和体积较大的净生（增）长。试验结果对探讨火龙果果实生长发育规律,为火龙果授粉、水肥管理、采收等生产措施提供理论依据和参考。     

减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬保鲜效果的研究

以花王菜等6种蔬菜和苹果为试材,研究减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬的保鲜效果。结果表明,减压冷藏处理技术是可应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜的新技术。将果蔬原材料经减压冷藏处理(压力范围为600～3 200 Pa),再清洗切割加工成鲜切产品,可比普通冷藏有效减缓山药、土豆和苹果等鲜切产品的褐变;明显减少鲜切花王菜、鸡毛菜和空心菜的萎蔫、黄叶与腐烂,保持鲜切绿叶菜的新鲜品质;切割前的减压冷藏结合真空预冷,可大大减轻鲜切西兰花的黄化、萎蔫、花粒变大、脱落及切面的褐变与腐烂,显著延长鲜切果蔬的冷藏货架期及冷链断链保鲜期。     

Genetic analysis of late blight resistance in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441: Heritability and response to selection

Late blight (LB), caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) worldwide. Currently, there are few commercial cultivars of tomato with resistance to LB, and the disease is mainly controlled by heavy use of fungicides. Due to the emergence of fungicide‐resistant pathogen isolates, there is a concerted effort to identify new genetic sources of resistance and breed new resistant cultivars. A recent screening identified several new tomato accessions with strong resistance to LB. Here, we report on the genetic basis of LB resistance in S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 270441, as determined by generation means analysis and analysis of response to selection, using populations derived from crosses with LB‐susceptible breeding line Fla. 8059. Heritability of LB resistance ranged from 0.76 to 0.78, and the minimum number of genes was estimated 1—few. These results suggest that transfer of LB resistance from PI 270441 to the cultivated tomato should be feasible via a traditional backcross breeding approach. Genetic mapping studies are underway to identify molecular markers associated with resistance in this accession.     

赤霉素和青霉素对芍药切花衰老的影响

以芍药‘春晓’（Paeonia lactiflora‘Chunxiao’）的切花为试验材料,采用室内瓶插的方法。在基本瓶插液（3％蔗糖＋200mg/L8-羟基喹啉＋150mg／L柠檬酸）中分别添加不同浓度赤霉素、青霉素,通过对其外部形态和衰老过程中生理生化指标的测定,探讨了赤霉素、青霉素对芍药切花采后瓶插品质的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的赤霉素、青霉素可有效提高切花的SOD、CAT活性,降低02-生成速率、MDA含量,减少活性氧对切花的伤害;改善切花的水分平衡值,降低脯氨酸含量,减少水分胁迫对切花造成的伤害;增加可溶性蛋白质含量,为切花提供能源物质,从而延缓衰老,延长瓶插寿命,改善切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。青霉素100mg／L 处理的效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长2．5d。     

Cultivar differences in gaseous 1-methylcyclopropene accumulation in whole and fresh-cut apple fruit

A number of studies have shown that responses of apple fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) vary considerably among cultivars. This study was designed to determine if cultivars show differences in accumulation of gaseous 1-MCP. Apple fruit were placed in 1.76 L jars that were sealed and injected with 20 μL L⁻¹ 1-MCP. After 12 h, samples of intercellular atmosphere were removed and analyzed for 1-MCP concentration. Accumulation of internal gaseous 1-MCP varied markedly among cultivars, ranging from 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.03, and 0.77 ± 0.30 in ‘Redcort’, ‘McIntosh’, and ‘Empire’, respectively, to 2.10 ± 0.28, 3.33 ± 0.13, and 6.93 ± 0.35 μL L⁻¹ in ‘Gala’, ‘Cameo’, and ‘Honeycrisp’, respectively. Accumulation of gaseous 1-MCP was reduced an average of 51% in fruit treated with Sta-Fresh 8711 fruit wax. The role of the epidermis in modulating 1-MCP ingress was determined by measuring gaseous 1-MCP accumulation in fresh-cut tissue. Fresh-cut cortical tissue rapidly depleted headspace 1-MCP (>95%) over a 1-h exposure yet accumulated negligible quantities of internal gaseous 1-MCP. By contrast, cortical tissue treated with ascorbic acid or hypotaurine, or aged for several hours prior to exposure to 1-MCP, showed reduced consumption of headspace 1-MCP and high accumulation of internal gaseous 1-MCP. Levels of internal 1-MCP in cortical tissue from the cultivars generally paralleled those for intact fruit, ranging from 0.23 ± 0.07, 0.37 ± 0.18 and 1.09 ± 0.14 μL L⁻¹ in ‘Empire’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Redcort’, respectively, to 2.40 ± 0.71, 4.55 ± 0.15, and 6.24 ± 0.85 in Gala’, ‘Cameo’, and ‘Honeycrisp’, respectively. Although commercial fruit wax influences gaseous 1-MCP accumulation, the comparable accumulation patterns in unwaxed whole and fresh-cut apple fruit suggest that epidermal tissue/native waxes alone do not account for cultivar differences.