沙柳营养繁殖苗培育技术研究

采用不同方法研究了沙柳营养繁殖苗培育技术,结果表明:沙柳的着生环境越接近原生的基质条件,沙柳扦插生长也越具有优势。通透性好的沙基质有利于沙柳扦插成活。沙柳扦插苗头2年生长最快,3年后生长逐渐减退。     

6种野生耐旱花卉解剖学特征与耐旱性的关系

为给干旱、半干旱地区野生花卉的引种驯化提供理论依据,对燕山地区6种野生耐旱花卉营养器官的结构进行了观察与测定,对其中的叶片角质层厚度、叶片气孔密度、栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度的比值、第1层栅栏组织细胞密集度、侧脉间距离、根皮层厚度与根半径之比、初生木质部导管数目、后生木质部导管平均直径等8个主要耐旱结构指标作了方差分析与多重比较,并采用隶属函数对种间耐旱性进行了综合评判。结果表明:6种野生耐旱花卉叶片耐旱性强弱依序为南蛇藤>栓翅卫矛>叶底珠>孩儿拳头>木半夏>蚂蚱腿子;初生根耐旱性强弱依序为叶底珠>孩儿拳头>栓翅卫矛>南蛇藤>蚂蚱腿子>木半夏,与其实际耐旱能力的排序(叶底珠>栓翅卫矛>木半夏>孩儿拳头>南蛇藤>蚂蚱腿子)相比,出现了顺序上的交错现象;所选耐旱指标在对花卉耐旱的作用上,以角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度的比值和第1层栅栏组织细胞密集的贡献最大,初生根的贡献较小,这预示了6种野生耐旱花卉解剖结构与耐旱途径的多样性。     

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. on sites with different soil development in an old-growth coniferous forest, central Japan

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera on sites with and without well-developed soil in an old-growth coniferous forest, Akasawa Forest Reserve, central Japan, were investigated, along with their relationships to other important coniferous species. Of stems ofC. pisifera≥5 cm diameter at breast height, stems with intermediate size were absent in stands on the developed-soil site, while those with smaller size increased in stands on the undeveloped-soil site, which supported a higher density ofC. pisifera. In the stands without recent tree-fall of canopy stems on the developed-soil site, canopy stems ofC. pisifera were distributed uniformly and the understory stems, patchily. On the other hand, both canopy and understory stems ofC. pisifera in stands on the undeveloped-soil site were distributed patchily. In the understory,C. pisifera occurred as clonal patches formed by vegetative reproduction on various types of microsites including bare rocks. However, the clonal patches did not occur in a stand on the developed-soil site with dense saplings of an evergreen conifer,Thujopsis dolabrata, which can expand vegetatively with a well developed soil layer. Gap formation may induceC. pisifera to develop tree-form stems from shrubby clonal patches. On developed-soil sites,C. pisifera stands that survive a long disturbance-free period on this site need catastrophic disturbance for their regeneration, which will eliminateT. dolabrata in the understory and create bare soil for colonization ofC. pisifera from seeds. On undeveloped-soil sites,C. pisifera replaces itself continuously by effective vegetative reproduction. Ground instability and the wet condition of this site may promote the replacement.     

Configuration and development of root systems of cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus

Stem cuttings of Eucalyptus globulus are used within tree improvement programs and for mass deployment. To be successful, cuttings must perform as well or better than seedlings. The root systems of cuttings are fundamentally different from those of seedlings. If these differences influence growth, the differences and their consequences must be identified and the propagation system manipulated to improve performance of the propagules.Cuttings are only a viable alternative to seedlings as planting stock if the method of propagation does not affect their growth and development adversely. Full-sibling cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus were compared under controlled environmental conditions to minimise extraneous sources of variation, and to establish whether changes in growth or development were induced by propagation. On three occasions over a period of eight weeks root-collar diameter, shoot height, leaf and stem weight, shoot/root ratios and root system morphology were measured on cuttings and seedlings. Seedlings were taller than cuttings throughout the experiment, but both plant types had similar height growth rates. Diameter growth rates were lower in cuttings than seedlings, and there were differences in both height and diameter growth rates between families. Root system configuration differed between the plant types. Seedlings had strongly gravitropic tap-roots, with two types of primary roots from which secondary roots emerged. Cuttings had no tap roots, and the main structural components of their root systems were adventitious roots formed during propagation. Cuttings did not develop further structural roots during the experiment, whereas seedlings continued to develop primary roots. Individual primary roots of cuttings were longer and had larger mid-point diameters than those of seedlings, but the total length of primary roots was greater in seedlings. Seedlings also had a greater number and total length of secondary roots. Shoot/root ratios, calculated from a range of functional measures, were higher in cuttings than seedlings.     

松树Pt菌剂育苗菌根化研究*

分别用Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｔｉｎｃｔｏｒｉｕｓ（Ｐｔ）菌根真菌重分离与母菌株培养物的比较及菌根子实体鉴定等方法，确证Ｐｔ菌剂人工接种的成功；并用照片描述形成Ｐｔ菌根的外部形态和解剖结构；发现典型外生菌根真菌──ｐｔ在苗圃人工接种条件下，可与松苗形成内外生菌根。结合生产大田应用试验，证明中国林业科学研究院林木菌根研究开发中心研制的Ｐｔ菌根剂具有明显的菌根化效果，和促进苗木生长、提高生物产量的作用。所试４种松树菌根化率均为１００％，Ｐｔ指数在８４以上，提高合格苗产量１４．６％以上，平均苗高、地径、干物重、侧根数和根系总长分别增加２８．１％～７１．４％、２２．８％～４９．２％、６６．７％～４５７．１％、１２８．０％～２００．０％和８２．４％～１０１．０％。     

Rooting of baldcypress cuttings

A test of the rooting performance and growth of cuttings from 1-year-old and 25-to 50-year old baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L.) branch tips is reported. Rooting of cuttings from one-year-old trees averaged 75% (0.1% IBA treatment) and 88% (control), cuttings from 25 to 50-year-old trees averaged 12% in both the IBA treatment and the control treatment. Indole-3-butyric acid at a 0.1% concentration did not enhance rooting, but resulted in a significant increase in shoot dry weight on cuttings from one-year-old trees. The results of this experiment suggest that cuttings from mature baldcypres trees have the potential to root, thereby, additional rooting techniques such as girdling and stump sprouts is worthy of pursuing.     

Physiological Races and Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Isolated from Crisphead Lettuce in Japan

One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1, and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city. All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002     

Vegetative propagation of Aesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm), indolebutyric acid (IBA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) and naphthlcetic acid (NAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments. The highest rooting rate (50%) was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate. All other treatments along with control (talc powder) failed to induce rooting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation of A. indica under Kashmir conditions. Biography: Mumtaz Majeed (1980– ), male, post graduate in Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar - 191 121, J&K, India.     

园林地被植物连钱草的组培繁殖试验

针对黑龙江省耐阴植物连钱草开展组培快繁试验,结果表明:连钱草在设计的几种培养基中均能繁殖、分化;筛选出增殖培养基1/2MS+BA1mg·L-1+NAA1mg·L-1和生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.1mg·L-1+IBA0.1mg·L-1两个培养基,并在蛭石+草炭土+珍珠岩1∶1∶1的基质中移栽生长良好。     

Rootstock effects in grafted conifers: A review

The literature on rootstock effects (on scions) in conifers was reviewed, specifically: graft success, compatibility, size, reproduction, phenology, crown and needle characters, mineral contents, organic compounds, water relations, disease resistance and wood properties. Scions usually had higher graft success and less incompatibility on more closely related rootstocks although there were exceptions. Even intergeneric grafts have succeeded on occasion. Although there were marked rootstock effects on growth and reproduction, the effects did not follow a pattern with increasing relationship. It is also likely that some crown characters and the nutrient content of scions can be manipulated by the use of rootstocks. For many characters, a specific rootstock may give a desired result only for a limited number of scion types (species, cultivars or clones). With some exceptions, the review shows that the subject has not been comprehensively studied. Many of the studies were either short-term, inadequately replicated, or poorly designed to allow firm conclusions about rootstock effects. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms, which cause the changes seen in morphology, are not well understood. Further research and more comprehensive study of rootstock effects on scion biology are recommended.