细菌活载体及其在寄生虫疫苗研究上的应用

随着重组DNA技术的发展和应用,基因工程疫苗的研究取得了快速的进展。减毒或无毒的活微生物作为疫苗载体能够激起持久的系统和黏膜免疫反应,且具有易于接种、安全和廉价等特点,近年来已成为疫苗研究领域的热点。作者对细菌活载体及其在寄生虫疫苗研究上的应用作一概述,从而为研制新型寄生虫疫苗提供参考。     

杨树SRK2C基因的克隆及其遗传转化

在杨树全基因组序列信息的基础上,根据拟南芥渗透胁迫诱导基因SRK2C的全长cDNA序列,在杨树基因组上定位并克隆获得了3个SRK2C同源基因全长cDNA序列.运用Gateway定向克隆技术构建了杨树SRK2C基因的过量表达载体,并进行了T89杨遗传转化研究,获得了一批转SRK2C基因T89杨植株,PCR检测表明目的基因已经整合到了杨树基因组中,实时定量荧光RT-PCR结果也进一步证实,目的基因在T89杨转基因植株中有较高水平的表达丰度.为进一步分析杨树PtSRK2C基因功能奠定了基础,也为进一步开展林木的抗逆机制和林木抗逆遗传改良研究提供了依据.     

The effectiveness of adenoviral vectors to deliver and express genes in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The efficacy of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into fish cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was evaluated. Vectors utilized were of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad), which are commonly used in human clinical trials, but have not been assessed for gene delivery to fish. Because nothing is known about Ad receptors in fish, both an Ad (Ad5Luc1) with natural tropism for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), as well as an infectivity enhanced Ad (Ad5LucRGD) were included within this study. Gene expression was detected in cell lines using either vector. The levels seen with Ad5LucRGD were much higher than for Ad5Luc1 in most lines except CHSE-214. Transduction of CHSE-214 cells with Ad5Luc1 could be blocked with an excess of a competitive inhibitor, suggesting that these cells possess a CAR homologue thatmediates attachment of Ad, similar to that seen in mammalian cells. In vivo gene delivery was attempted by several methods, with significant expression seen only via intramuscular injection, although infection efficiency was low. Thus it was observed that several teleost cell lines are capable of being infected and one cell line expressed a human serotype adenoviral receptor homologue that aids in Ad infection. Additionally, in vivo studies indicated that muscle tissue of rainbow trout could be infected with Ad vectors, suggesting an alternative gene delivery strategy for this animal.     

模糊随机优选模型在区域水环境承载力评价中的应用

基于水环境一社会经济系统的随机不确定性特征，建立了一种适用于指标信息不确定的区域水环境承载力评价模糊随机优选模型。在该模型中，考虑到随机因素的影响，将不确定性指标的属性值划分为若干状态，每个状态都与一定的发生概率相对应。在此基础上，依据模糊理论构造以待评样本加权距优距离的二次方与加权距劣距离二次方之和为最小的目标函数，由此求得样本优属度值。根据样本优属度大小，对区域水环境承载力状况或变化趋势进行分析。实例研究表明，对具有随机不确定性特征的区域水环境承载力评价，所建模型具有很好的适用性。     

Rodent hosts and flea vectors in Brazilian plague foci: a review

Plague, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, has several foci scattered throughout a large area from the Brazilian territory that ranges from the Northeastern State of Ceará to the Southeastern State of Minas Gerais and another separated area at the State of Rio de Janeiro. This review gathers data from plague control and surveillance programs on the occurrence and geographic distribution of rodent hosts and flea vectors in the Brazilian plague areas during the period of from 1952 to 2019. Furthermore, we discuss how the interaction between Y. pestis and some rodent host species may play a role in the disease dynamics. The absence of human cases nowadays in Brazil does not mean that it was eradicated. The dynamics of plague in Brazil and in other countries where it was introduced during the 3rd pandemic are quite alike, alternating epidemics with decades of quiescence. Hence, it remains an important epidemic disease of global concern. The existence of a large animal reservoir and competent vectors demonstrate a need for continuous surveillance to prevent new outbreaks of this disease in humans.     

媒介昆虫与烟草病毒病关系的研究

 媒介昆虫是烟草病毒病的重要成因因子。研究媒介昆虫与烟草病毒病二者之间的关系是有效控制烟草病毒病的基础。本文从多角度探讨了媒介昆虫导致烟草病毒病的途径和机制,并论述了媒介昆虫的种类、危害特点、生物学特性、生态学特性、传毒机制及综合防治研究概况,提出了研究中存在的问题和解决的办法。     

大豆花叶病毒（SMV）主要介体及其传毒效率研究

大豆田大豆植株上繁殖危害的蚜虫,除大豆蚜、茄无网蚜外,豆蚜亦能暂居并少量繁殖危害。大豆田迁飞蚜虫种的数量,年度间和不同生境有所差异,但主要种基本一致。绿色诱盘捕获的迁飞蚜虫鉴定表明,主要迁飞蚜虫种,除以上三种,还有棉蚜、玉米蚜、禾缢蚜、桃蚜等,但大豆蚜占绝对优势。大豆植株上的翅蚜量,与绿色诱盘捕获的株冠面积着落翅蚜量,充分吻合。翅蚜迁飞频率与SMV流行速率相关密切。介体蚜虫传染SMV 83—02,得毒30—60秒的传毒效率高,以40—50秒的传毒率最高。供试得毒蚜虫,只桃蚜以2.94％的概率传毒至第二株其余均一株。最适得毒时间的传毒效率豆蚜最高58.33％、桃蚜47.66％,大豆蚜33.33％、茄无网蚜23.73％、玉米蚜12.90％、棉蚜最低4.29％。SMV主要介体为大豆蚜、豆蚜、桃蚜和茄无网蚜传染SMV亦有一定作用。     

Colonizing Islands of water on dry land—on the passive dispersal of fish eggs by birds

The vast majority of global freshwater ecosystems are small lakes with less than 100 m² surface area. These lakes are often unconnected to other water bodies but frequently host fish populations. Existing explanations for how fish colonize such remote habitats often involve birds as vectors transporting fish eggs as propagules. In this study, we aim to quantify the prevalence of these explanations among relevant societal groups as well as their scientific knowledge basis. We analyzed entries in online blogs and forums and surveyed the opinions of local stakeholders and decision makers using a questionnaire. To collect published scientific knowledge, we conducted a structured literature review. Our results reveal a discrepancy between commonly found beliefs and the empirical knowledge supporting those beliefs: Dispersal of fish eggs by water birds was overall the most frequent explanation online and in the questionnaire. In the scientific literature, however, we found hardly any empirical research on passive fish egg dispersal. We propose research directions for how to close this gap of knowledge and suggest that future empirical studies on passive fish egg dispersal may be inspired by existing work on passive dispersal in aquatic invertebrates. Mitigating the belief‐evidence discrepancy on fish dispersal will be essential to better understand the patterns of fish biodiversity across landscapes, to counteract its losses, and inform management strategies for invasive fish species.     

The insect vector Cacopsylla picta vertically transmits the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ to its progeny

The phloem‐sucking psyllid Cacopsylla picta plays an important role in transmitting the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, the agent associated with apple proliferation disease. The psyllid can ingest ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ from infected apple trees and spread the bacterium by subsequently feeding on uninfected trees. Until now, this has been the most important method of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate whether infected C. picta are able to transmit ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ directly to their progeny. This method of transmission would allow the bacteria to bypass a time‐consuming reproductive cycle in the host plant. Furthermore, this would cause a high number of infected F₁ individuals in the vector population. To address this question, eggs, nymphs and adults derived from infected overwintering adults of C. picta were reared on non‐infected apple saplings and subsequently tested for the presence of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’. In this study it was shown for the first time that infected C. picta individuals transmit ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ to their eggs, nymphs and F₁ adults, thus providing the basis for a more detailed understanding of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ transmission by C. picta.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突S蛋白干酪乳杆菌表达载体系统的构建

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)纤突(S)蛋白的全基因序列及表达载体质粒的基因融合特点,设计一对引物,进行PCR,获得含有TGEV S基因4个主要抗原位点的约2000 bp目的片段,将其分别与表达载体质粒pPG611.1和pPG612.1进行连接,通过电转化进入宿主菌Lacto-bacillus casei393细胞内,通过质粒提取、PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和序列测定分析,表明TGEV S基因已成功插入到表达载体质粒中,获得了TGEV S蛋白干酪乳杆菌表达载体系统。