转基因动物研究进展

本文从转基因动物的产生、转基因细胞载体的运用、基因的转移、转基因的命运、转基因的载体、基因功能的研究,生物医学模型、制备重组蛋白、改善乳成分等方面综述了转基因动物的最新研究成果。     

猪Jiv90基因打靶载体的构建与细胞转染试验

【目的】构建猪Jiv90基因的同源打靶载体,并转染猪血管内皮细胞系(SUVEC),对Jiv90基因的敲除效果进行初步验证。【方法】根据NCBI中公布的Jiv90基因序列,克隆得到Jiv90基因核心区两侧的基因序列,并以此为长短臂,构建了可定点敲除Jiv90基因的打靶载体。用该载体转染SUVEC,通过新霉素(G418)和丙氧鸟苷(GANC)的筛选得到稳定的细胞株,再利用PCR检测neo基因在细胞基因组上的整合情况,最后对筛选得到的neo阳性细胞进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)感染试验,并用实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测CSFV的增殖情况。【结果】以提取所得品质良好的SUVEC全基因组DNA为模板,克隆得到了针对Jiv90基因打靶的核心区两侧基因序列,基因片段长度分别为4 522bp和1 944bp。将长短臂与打靶骨架载体pA2T相连后,构建了关于猪Jiv90基因的同源打靶载体JKS。用JKS载体转染SUVEC,通过1 500μg/mL G418和200nmol/mL GANC正负筛选,得到了稳定转染JKS载体的SUVEC。对于稳定筛选后的试验组细胞,感染CSFV并进行Real-time PCR,结果表明,正常细胞中的CSFV核酸含量是转染JKS载体细胞的3.65倍。【结论】成功扩增了针对猪Jiv90基因的同源长短臂,并构建了猪Jiv90基因的打靶载体JKS,敲除Jiv90基因细胞中的CSFV核酸片段含量显著降低,说明Jiv90基因的敲除可降低细胞中猪瘟病毒的增殖量。     

埃及伊蚊TMOF同源基因表达载体构建及烟草转化

胰蛋白酶调节抑制因子（Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor, TMOF）可以有效地抑制昆虫中肠胰蛋白酶的活性。本文为了研究埃及伊蚊TMOF同源物基因在转基因植物广谱抗虫中的作用,利用人工合成的Aea-TMOF同源物基因,以改造过的pCAMBIA1301质粒为基本载体,构建了由组成型CaMV35S启动子驱动Aea-TMOF基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301+ Aea-TMOF。然后,采用冻融法转入农杆菌LBA4404菌株,通过叶盘法对烟草进行了遗传转化。经PCR和GUS染色检测,Aea-TMOF同源物基因已整合到烟草基因组中。     

Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae

During the last two decades, microalgae have attracted increasing interest, both commercially and scientifically. Commercial potential involves utilizing valuable natural compounds, including carotenoids, polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are widely applicable in food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical industries. Conversely, scientific potential focuses on bioreactors for producing recombinant proteins and developing viable technologies to significantly increase the yield and harvest periods. Here, viral-based vectors and transient expression strategies have significantly contributed to improving plant biotechnology. We present an updated outlook covering microalgal biotechnology for pharmaceutical application, transformation techniques for generating recombinant proteins, and genetic engineering tactics for viral-based vector construction. Challenges in industrial application are also discussed.     

牛腺病毒载体研究进展

动物腺病毒与人腺病毒具有相似基因组结构 ,用其构建的动物腺病毒载体可将外源基因转移到人体细胞内表达 ,却又不能在其中复制繁殖 ,且人体内不存在针对它们的免疫应答 ,有望代替人腺病毒作为基因治疗和基因免疫的载体 ,目前已构建了多种动物腺病毒载体。文章综述了近年来牛腺病毒载体构建的一些研究进展。     

New gastropod vectors and tetrodotoxin potential expansion in temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean

Tetrodotoxin is a potent low weight marine toxin found in warm waters, especially of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Intoxications are usually linked to the consumption of the puffer fish, although TTX was already detected in several different edible taxa. Benthic organisms such as mollusks and echinoderms, with different feeding habits, were collected monthly along the Portuguese coast from the summer of 2009 until the end of 2010. The extraction and analysis techniques were optimized and TTX and some analogues were detected for the first time in two intertidal gastropod species-Gibbula umbilicalis and Monodonta lineata by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. Although the levels are low, these findings suggest that monitoring of TTX and analogues in North Atlantic species should be implemented so as to detect potentially new toxin vectors and seasonal and/or geographical patterns.     

犬瘟热病毒基因疫苗表达载体构建及在真核细胞中的表达

利用pCI载体构建了犬瘟热病毒基因疫苗表达载体质粒pCIF和pCIN,通过脂质体介导法将这两种真核表达质粒分别转染MDCK细胞,用RT-PCR法进行转录水平的检测,并用间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白是否表达。结果表明,真核表达质粒pCIF和pCIN已被成功构建,这两种重组质粒转染MDCK细胞72h后就可检测到目的基因的转录和两种目的蛋白的表达,表达的蛋白均能与抗CDV抗体发生特异性的抗原抗体反应。这为研究预防犬瘟热的基因疫苗奠定了良好的基础。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0基因重组表达质粒pMG36e-E0的构建与免疫原性分析

利用SacⅠ、HindⅢ限制性内切酶分别对pMG36e与pMD19-T-E0进行双酶切,将目的基因E0整合入穿梭表达载体pMG36e,构建牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0基因重组表达质粒pMG36e-E0。提取重组质粒pMG36e-E0,进行双酶切鉴定及PCR鉴定。将阳性重组质粒pMG36e-E0转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中进行表达,对表达产物进行SDSPAGE和Western-blotting鉴定。用表达的E0蛋白二次免疫家兔,间接ELISA法检测其血清抗体水平。结果,重组质粒经双酶切得到大小分别约为3 600、691bp的2个片段,PCR扩增出691bp的片段,双酶切与PCR鉴定结果表明目的基因E0正确插入到载体pMG36e中。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明E0基因在大肠杆菌获得了表达,表达产物相对分子质量大小约为27 000。Western-blotting分析结果证明表达产物能被BVDV阳性血清所识别。ELISA检测结果证明表达的E0融合蛋白能刺激动物产生抗体,具有天然蛋白的免疫原性。     

胞质内单精子注射制备转基因猪技术的优势与前景

综述了20多年来转基因猪的研究概况,探讨了各种转基因技术的特点,分析了胞质内单精子注射制备转基因猪技术的特点和优势,并展望了单精子注射与人工染色体载体技术相结合制备大片段转基因猪的应用前景。