Effect of ischemia or hypoxia on vascular endothelial growth factor production in rat myocardium and its significance

AIM:To determine the relationship between ischemia, hypoxia and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat myocardium and its basic mechanism. METHODS:(1) 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal control;group B, 1 day's acute myocardial infarction;group C, 3 day's acute myocardial infarction;group D, 7 day's acute myocardial infarction. (2) Rat cardiac myocytes cultured were primarily divided into some groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours; PMA groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC activator (PMA), A 0 ng/mL; B 10 ng/mL; C 100 ng/mL; D 1 000 ng/mL; Chelerythrine groups, hypoxia incubated 24 hours with PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine), A 0 nmol/L; B 10 nmol/L. (3) By computer scanned and quantitated, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein was detected with immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS:The longer time of ischemia and hypoxia was, the higher the VEGF production.The relat ionship was found between the time of ischemia or hypoxia and the production of VEGF.The product ion of VEGF protein was further promoted by PMA with different concentrat ion, decreased by chelerythrine.CONCLUSION: Ischemia or hypoxia strongly stimulated the production of VEGF in myocardium, which played an important role in autoprotecting of ischemic or hypoxic myocardium. Hypoxia-induced PKC activation is one kind of basic mechanisms in this course.     

Histopathological observation of cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia

AIM:To observe pathomorphological changes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the mouse with synthetic vascular dementia.METHODS:The synthetic vascular dementia model was produced in the mouse. Animals were killed 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d after the operation, brain tissues were removed and embedded in paraffin. Section of 8μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl methods, and observed with light microscope.RESULTS:The cerebral cortex in the mouse became thinner on the seventh day, karyopyknosis in partial nervous cells was formed, the number of local neurons was reduced, sieve structure was observed, and glial cells pro liferated, with the similar results 15 d and 30 d afteroperation.Model mouseπs hippocampal cells in CA₁ area were reduced and almost disappeared 30 d after operation.At the same time, glial cells were abundantly proliferated, tu bercles were formed.Cells in CA₂, CA₃ area were also reduced and hippocampal sclerosis occurred.CONCLUSION:Delayed necrosis of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be the pathological basis of ischemia cerebral vascular dementia.     

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with various proliferative diseases

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a group of cytokines that contribute to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs with various proliferative diseases. A total of 202 dogs that were histopathologically diagnosed with proliferative diseases were included in the study. Serum VEGF-A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs were as follows: healthy dogs, 4 pg/ml [0–21 pg/ml]; hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 pg/ml [0–158 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; hepatocellular adenoma, 32 pg/ml [0–49 pg/ml, P=0.003]; hepatic nodular hyperplasia, 18 pg/ml [0–51 pg/ml, P=0.595]; adrenal pheochromocytoma, 32 pg/ml [0–187 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; adrenocortical carcinoma, 32 pg/ml [3–161 pg/ml, P=0.002]; adrenocortical adenoma, 27 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.005]; colorectal adenocarcinoma, 36 pg/ml [0–75 pg/ml, P=0.002]; colorectal adenoma, 43 pg/ml [0–48 pg/ml, P=0.144]; inflammatory colorectal polyps, 37 pg/ml [0–111 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 pg/ml [4–107 pg/ml, P=0.002]; pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma, 35 pg/ml [0–131 pg/ml, P=0.016]; and follicular thyroid carcinoma, 35 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.009]. The serum VEGF-A concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with neoplastic lesions compared to healthy dogs, except for colorectal adenoma. High serum VEGF-A concentrations were observed in dogs with proliferative diseases. The present study suggests that angiogenesis-inhibiting therapy, which targets VEGF-A, may be useful for canine neoplastic diseases.     

成年高原藏羊精索血管分布的形态学研究

对13头成年高原藏羊的睾丸采用血管铸型、常规石蜡切片结合扫描电镜观察,研究在高寒低氧环境中,藏羊睾丸精索血管分布的形态学特点.结果表明藏羊精索睾丸动脉螺旋卷曲并发出分支分布到附睾,睾丸动脉表面覆盖蔓状静脉丛;回流睾丸血液的集合静脉纵向走行形成静脉网包裹在睾丸表面,汇集至睾丸门附近形成特殊的“束袋口”构筑,紧缩回笼汇集形成蔓状静脉丛;精索部动脉和静脉各自形成三级分枝,小静脉及静脉毛细血管网与动脉滋养血管小分支之间形成广泛的吻合支.藏羊精索部血管形成了特殊的高原适应性微形态结构.     

妊娠期子宫中的血管发生和血管新生

足够的营养和子宫中丰富的血液循环是胎儿正常生长发育所必需的条件。通过血管舒张和新的血管发育,子宫脉管系统发生改变以适应胎儿需求的增加。近年来的研究证实,多种因素包括血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子及其受体参与血管发生的调节。文章主要介绍了妊娠早期子宫和胎盘中血管发生和血管新生的机制及其影响因素。     

一氧化氮对肉鸡肺血管重塑影响的研究进展

肺血管重塑是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的重要病理学变化特征,虽然对其形成的机制尚未完全清楚,但众多细胞因子在其形成过程中起重要作用已得到共识。一氧化氮作为一种信号物质,在血管扩张、细胞增殖与凋亡、内皮素分泌与合成以及抗氧化等过程中发挥着重要的调控作用,显示了其在抑制肉鸡肺血管重塑、预防和治疗肺动脉高压发生方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Hemin induces and sustains the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the relationship between hemin and Erk1/2 activation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs were separately incubated with hemin or H₂O₂ for different times. Subsequently Erk1/2 phosphorylation and total Erk1/2 were determined by Western blotting assay. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the cell cycle distribution. RESULTS: Hemin at the concentration of 1-10 μmol/L induced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in HUVECs, and sustained the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 for three hours. The duration of phospho-Erk1/2 induced by hemin was much longer than that in H₂O₂ control (3 h vs 30 min). CONCLUSION: Hemin induces and sustains the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in HUVECs, which indicates that the effect of hemin on the Erk1/2 activation may be one of pharmacological target of hemin.     

Improved MMPs in p110δ-mutant mice contributes to rupture of thoracic aorta

AIM: To observe the pathological characteristics of the thoracic aorta in the p110δ-mutant mice.METHODS: The thoracic aorta of wild type male mice and p110δ-deficient male mice (8 weeks old) were achieved. HE, IHC and IF staining were performed on the paraffin fixed arterial sections. The mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The vascular wall became thinner and the vessel diameter enlarged after inactivating mutation of p110δ. After inactivating mutation of p110δ, the smooth muscle cells showed vacuolar degeneration, morphological disorders and elastic fiber local fracture. The collagen content was reduced after inactivating mutation of p110δ. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-9 was up-regulated after inactivating mutation of p110δ.CONCLUSION: Inactivating mutation of p110δ may contribute to the injury of artery vascular wall by up-regulation of MMPs.     

玉米笋采收期的研究

本试验以玉米沈农171×33O单交种及其亲本沈农171自交系为试材,通过1987～1988年的试验,测定了不同采收期玉米笋产量、质量、笋支长棍等指标。试验结果表明:单交种及自交系最佳采收期各不相同,沈农171×330单交种玉米笋最佳采收期为吐丝后第2天,沈农171自交系为吐丝后第1天。     

Freehand ultrasound-guided femoral arterial catheterization in dogs

Objective: To demonstrate that ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and practical in dogs. Case series summary: Four female mixed breed dogs weighing 14–23 kg were used following a terminal junior surgery laboratory and had been anesthetized before the ultrasound study. Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with the upper limb abducted and immobilized. The dependent limb was extended and shaved and isopropyl alcohol was applied. An ultrasound transducer was oriented transverse to the axis of the limb and, following ultrasonographic identification, the femoral artery was cannulated and a catheter was placed using the Seldinger technique. Ultrasound‐guided catheterization was successful in 9 of 10 attempts; cannulization was successful in 10 of 10 attempts. Procedure time improved from 10 minutes to 1 minute during practice. Each of the 2 investigators was able to simultaneously ultrasound and cannulate the vessel. The major complication was hematoma formation, which occurred regardless of success. Information provided: Ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and relatively easy to master in medium‐size, anesthetized dogs.