无籽西瓜胚轴维管束转位的观察

借助石蜡切片技术对无籽西瓜胚轴进行连续切片和系统镜检。在根茎过渡区连续横切面上,可看到由根部四原型外始式初生木质部与初生韧皮部相间排列的维管束转变到茎部成为四原型、内始式和双韧并生排列的维管束。转化经过分叉、倒转和合并,是不同步的,从左到右沿顺时针力向逐步转变。中胚轴子叶迹发生处延伸出2个小束。根、茎维管束转换区发生在下胚轴。该区外形较粗大,生理活性较强,对外界条件变化较敏感,是瓜苗抗性最弱部位,也是组培择取外植体最合适的节段。可为瓜苗耕作管理和择取外植体提供形态学参考指标。     

Endothelial cells and angiogenesis in the horse in health and disease—A review

The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ in the embryo, and its blood vessels form a widespread conductive network within the organism. Blood vessels develop de novo, by the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (vasculogenesis) or by angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the horse including studies on equine endothelial cells. Principal study fields in equine angiogenesis research were identified: equine endothelial progenitor cells; equine endothelial cells and angiogenesis (heterogeneity, markers and assessment); endothelial regulatory molecules in equine angiogenesis; angiogenesis research in equine reproduction (ovary, uterus, placenta and conceptus, testis); angiogenesis research in pathological conditions (tumours, ocular pathologies, equine wound healing, musculoskeletal system and laminitis). The review also includes a table that summarizes in vitro studies on equine endothelial cells, either describing the isolation procedure or using previously isolated endothelial cells. A particular challenge of the review was that results published are fragmentary and sometimes even contradictory, raising more questions than they answer. In conclusion, angiogenesis is a major factor in several diseases frequently occurring in horses, but relatively few studies focus on angiogenesis in the horse. The challenge for the future is therefore to continue exploring new therapeutic angiogenesis strategies for horses to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle.     

海南植物增补（Ⅳ）

报道了海南岛新记录的植物，5个新记录属，15个新记录种．引用的标本全部存放在中国科学院华南植物研究所标本馆(IBSC)．     

甘肃省太子山次生林区维管植物多样性调查研究

太子山林区处于青藏高原与黄土高原的过渡地带,由于特殊的地理位置,蕴育了较为丰富的植物资源。通过实地调查和区系统计分析表明:1)该区分布有维管植物 89 科 306 属 847 种 12 变种 2 变型;其中蕨类植物 9 科16 属 29 种,占总种数的 3.42 %;种子植物 80 科 290 属 818 种,占总种数的 96.56 %;2)温带分布属占本区属数的75.1 %,占本区总种数的 81.4 %,热带分布属占本区总属数的 8.53 %,表现出明显的温带性质和一定的区系过渡性;3)高位芽植物和地面芽植物占本区总种数的 87.9 %,具有绝对优势;4)植物区系组成与马衔山林区相似性最高,其次是莲花山、洮河流域,较远是孟达保护区;5.本区应划归横断山脉植物地区、川西北甘西南青东南小区,并作为横断山脉植物地区与华北植物地区、黄土高原亚地区的分区界线。     

土壤水分含量对水稻农艺性状及维管束系统分化的影响

在土壤水分含量不同的栽培务件下对4种类型稻的维管束系统分化结果和维管束系统与农业性状的关系进行研究。结果表明：水分不足对稻秆及秆中维管束的影响是相互的：稻秆的发育情况影响了维管束变化，同时维管束的变化影响了稻秆的发育，最终影响营养物质从根部、叶部向籽粒运输．从而使结粒数、稔实率、千粒重、产量下降。4种生态型水稻维管束系统与一次及高次枝梗数目、结粒数、千粒重等有类似的相关性．而且水分不足时反应出相同的结果。说明土壤水分对维管束系统的分化有很大的影响，水分不足将使维管束面积变小．推管束比增大．从而使产量变小。     

西沙群岛维管植物资料增补（Ⅱ）

2019年3月、5月和6月对西沙永乐群岛和宣德群岛的晋卿岛、甘泉岛、琛航岛、广金岛、全富岛、银屿、石屿、鸭公岛、筐仔北岛和永兴岛、石岛、赵述岛、西沙洲、南沙洲、中沙洲、北沙洲、北岛、中岛、南岛共19个岛屿的植物资源进行了野外考察、标本采集、鉴定以及文献查阅,发现西沙群岛新记录植物共23种,其中新记录野生维管植物17种,新增栽培植物6种,隶属于13科20属,凭证标本保存于中国热带农业科学院植物标本室ATCH。此研究为西沙群岛植物资源提供了重要信息。     

早期限饲对低温所致肉鸡肺血管重构的影响

应用低温环境诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS),观察早期限饲对PHS的防治效果及对肺小动脉显微形态学的影响。试验Ⅰ:限饲处理组肉鸡分别于7~14日龄或7~21日龄每天给料8h,对照组肉鸡全程自由采食。试验Ⅱ:限饲组肉鸡于7~14日龄分别给予自由采食对照组肉鸡前一天饲料消耗量的60%或80%。连续采样测定肺小动脉平均中膜厚度(mMTPA)、肺小动脉相对中膜面积(WA/TA)和肺厚壁末梢血管百分比(TWPV%)。结果显示,早期限饲显著降低了PHS发病率;低温显著升高了肉鸡WA/TA、mMTPA和TWPV%,而早期限饲处理则显著降低了WA/TA、mMTPA和TWPV%。提示:早期限饲能够有效防治肉鸡PHS,而抑制以肺小动脉管壁肥厚和肺血管肌型化为特征的血管重构可能是其重要机制之一。     

Seaweeds and Their Natural Products for Preventing Cardiovascular Associated Dysfunction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. This review summarizes studies that focused on the beneficial effects of seaweeds and their natural products targeting markers involved in a cascade of mechanisms related to CVD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential of seaweeds and their natural products for preventing and treating CVD based on in vivo and in vitro studies. This review provides a basis for future research in the field of marine drugs.     

南雄小流坑—青嶂山保护区维管植物区系研究

基于历史资料、文献查阅和2016年4—8月的样线、样方补充调查结果显示,广东南雄小流坑—青嶂山省级自然保护区共有野生维管植物1289种,隶属于185科652属;其中蕨类植物112种,占8.69%,植物区系起源较古老;蕨类植物的科、属地理分布以热带、亚热带为主;种子植物区系表征科为壳斗科、山茶科、樟科、木兰科、金缕梅科、冬青科等共14个科,是华夏植物区系的重要组成部分.种子植物科、属的分布区类型中均以泛热带分布型占优势,同时含有较多的热带亚洲、北温带区系成分,区系成分复杂、多样且古老;区内有国家重点保护和珍稀濒危植物13科14属15种,其中的莼菜(Brasenia schreberi)和南方红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var.mairei)为国家I级重点保护植物;与邻近的车八岭保护区种子植物区系比较,二者的科、属相似性系数分别为92.86%和77.40%,存在较明显的差异.     

香蕉枯萎病菌粗毒素的毒性及其模型

以香蕉组织培养苗为受试植物,蕉苗受毒素作用后的病情指数为指标,测定香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)粗毒素对蕉苗的毒性。结果表明,毒素处理72,96,120和144h引致香蕉苗受害程度(以病情指数表示)达90的剂量(TD90)的质量浓度分别为2057.20,1245.49,549.54,380.19μgmL,蕉苗的受害程度存在着随处理时间延长和处理剂量的增加而加重的趋势。根据毒素对蕉苗的毒性测定结果,建立了蕉苗受毒素作用的“时间-剂量-受害程度”模型。根据模型的分析结果认为,粗毒素引致蕉苗受害的有效时间为96~120h,有效剂量质量浓度为260.0~130.0μgmL。