Cardiovascular,respiratory, electrolyte and acid–base balance during continuous dexmedetomidine infusion in anesthetized dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid–base effects of a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during propofol–isoflurane anesthesia following premedication with dexmedetomidine.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsFive adult male Walker Hound dogs 1–2 years of age averaging 25.4 ± 3.6 kg.MethodsDogs were sedated with dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg^?1 IM, 78 ± 2.3 minutes (mean ± SD) before general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 ± 0.5 mg kg^?1) IV and maintained with 1.5% isoflurane. Thirty minutes later dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg kg^?1 IV was administered over 5 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1. Cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), ECG, direct blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory parameters, acid–base and arterial blood gases and electrolytes were measured 30 and 60 minutes after the infusion started. Data were analyzed via multiple linear regression modeling of individual variables over time, compared to anesthetized baseline values. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsNo statistical difference from baseline for any parameter was measured at any time point. Baseline CO, HR and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) before infusion were 3.11 ± 0.9 L minute^?1, 78 ± 18 beats minute^?1 and 96 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. During infusion CO, HR and MAP were 3.20 ± 0.83 L minute^?1, 78 ± 14 beats minute^?1 and 89 ± 16 mmHg, respectively. No differences were found in respiratory rates, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium or lactate measurements before or during infusion.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine infusion using a loading dose of 0.5 μg kg^?1 IV followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.5 μg kg^?1 hour^?1 does not cause any significant changes beyond those associated with an IM premedication dose of 10 μg kg^?1, in propofol–isoflurane anesthetized dogs. IM dexmedetomidine given 108 ± 2 minutes before onset of infusion showed typical significant effects on cardiovascular parameters.     

76例绝经后阴道流血患者子宫内膜声像图分析

目的探讨子宫内膜病变引起绝经后阴道流血的声像图改变．方法对76例绝经后阴道流血患者的记录资料进行回顾性分析．结果因子宫内膜病变引起的绝经后阴道流血主要包括子宫内膜息肉48例,占63．16％;子宫内膜增生17例,占22．36％;子宫内膜癌11例,占14．47％,并且出现阴道流血时年龄大、距绝经年限长者,恶性肿瘤发生率高．结论绝经后阴道流血应引起重视,超声可作为首选检查方法．     

高效液相色谱法测定苄星邻氯青霉素乳房注入剂中苄星邻氯青霉素的含量

用反相高效液相色谱法测定苄星邻氯青霉素乳房注入剂中苄星邻氯青霉素的含量。采用AgilentEclipseXDB-C185μm4.6×150mm色谱柱;流动相为0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钠-乙腈(3:1);检测波长为220nm;柱温为40℃。在该色谱条件下,苄星邻氯青霉素在20μg/ml～180μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.99999;100%浓度时平均回收率为100.7%,RSD=0.04%。该方法快速灵敏,准确实用。     

“促孕灌注液”中黄酮对不孕大鼠模型促排卵作用机制

为了探讨促孕灌注液中黄酮对不孕大鼠促排卵的可能机制,阐明其促进卵泡发育和促排卵的作用环节;将32只不孕模型大鼠分为克罗米芬组、黄酮组、模型组,正常大鼠10只为对照组,分别测定各组大鼠子宫及卵巢增量、卵泡发育情况、血清中促黄体素和促卵泡生成素的含量。研究结果表明,促孕灌注液中黄酮能明显增加大鼠卵巢、子宫质量,有利于卵泡的发育和排卵;能明显增加卵巢各级卵泡总数和子宫内膜厚度;能明显提高大鼠血清促卵泡刺激素FSH和促黄体生成素LH的水平,以改善大鼠内分泌机能,促进卵泡的发育和排卵。所以促孕灌注液中黄酮可以有效促进不孕大鼠的排卵作用。     

中药子宫灌注剂治疗奶牛不孕症研究进展

中药子宫灌注剂在奶牛子宫内膜炎和卵巢疾病等繁殖疾病的防治中发挥着巨大的作用,临床用于防治奶牛主要繁殖障碍疾病的子宫灌注剂主要有溶液型、混悬型和乳浊型3种。本文对这3种剂型的组方、疗效及作用机理等的研究概况进行综述,以期为新型中药子宫灌注剂的研制及其在临床上的应用提供参考。     

Development of a xylazine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses

ObjectiveTo elaborate constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for xylazine (X) and xylazine/butorphanol (XB) which will result in constant sedation and steady xylazine plasma concentrations.Study designBlinded randomized experimental study.AnimalsTen adult research horses.MethodsPart I: After normal height of head above ground (HHAG = 100%) was determined, a loading dose of xylazine (1 mg kg^?1) with butorphanol (XB: 18 μg kg^?1) or saline (X: equal volume) was given slowly intravenously (IV). Immediately afterwards, a CRI of butorphanol (XB: 25 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) or saline (X) was administered for 2 hours. The HHAG was used as a marker of depth of sedation. Sedation was maintained for 2 hours by additional boluses of xylazine (0.3 mg kg^?1) whenever HHAG >50%. The dose of xylazine (mg kg^?1 hour^?1) required to maintain sedation was calculated for both groups. Part II: After the initial loading dose, the calculated xylazine infusion rates were administered in parallel to butorphanol (XB) or saline (X) and sedation evaluated. Xylazine plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS-MS at time points 0, 5, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and a 2-way anova for repeated measures (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference in xylazine requirements (X: 0.69, XB: 0.65 mg kg^?1 hour^?1) between groups. With treatment X, a CRI leading to prolonged sedation was developed. With XB, five horses (part I: two, part II: three) fell down and during part II four horses appeared insufficiently sedated. Xylazine plasma concentrations were constant after 45 minutes in both groups.ConclusionXylazine bolus, followed by CRI, provided constant sedation. Additional butorphanol was ineffective in reducing xylazine requirements and increased ataxia and apparent early recovery from sedation in unstimulated horses.Clinical relevanceData were obtained on unstimulated healthy horses and extrapolation to clinical conditions requires caution.     

支气管动脉灌注化疗结合手术治疗中央型肺癌

目的:总结5 6例中央型肺癌支气管动脉灌注化疗结合手术治疗经验。方法:对5 6例中央型肺癌进行支气管动脉灌注ADM(阿霉素)、MMC(丝裂霉素)、CDDP(顺铂)或CBP(卡铂) 1个月,然后进行剖胸探查术,行肺叶切除或支气管肺叶袖状切除术切除癌肿及纵膈淋巴结。结果:介入治疗1个月后,胸部CT影像学上癌肿缩小4 0 %～5 0 %者2 8例(5 0 .0 % ) ,缩小2 0 %～39%者2 0例(35 .7% ) ,缩小<2 0 %者8例(14 .3% )。对5 2例(92 .9% )行肺叶切除或支气管肺叶袖状切除术切除癌肿及纵膈淋巴结。术后并发胸腔感染、切口感染、肺部感染各1例。术后2 a生存率为75 .0 %。结论:外科手术仍是治疗肺癌的首选方法。对中央型肺癌先行支气管动脉介入治疗,待肿瘤缩小后再进行手术,能提高手术的切除率,也能减少全肺切除,从而提高生活质量和生存率。     

Effects of Duodenal Infusions of Essential Amino Acid on Nitrogen Balance and Plasma Urea Nitrogen of Growing-finishing Lambs

This study was aimed to explore the effects of duodenal infusions of essential amino acid (EAA) on nitrogen balance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of growing-finishing lambs.Five Kazakh male lambs with (29.40±1.76) kg body weights and 4 months old were chosen,fitted with duodenal cannulae and raised in metabolic cage individually. The 5×5 Latin square design was used in this experiment and 7 d for per period. The duodenal infusions in control group contained no EAA,that in 8EAA group contained 8 kinds of EAA,while that in -Arg,-Lys and -Met groups were contained 8 kinds of EAA without Arg,Lys and Met,respectively. The results showed that the fecal N excretion in 8EAA group was no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05),while the urinary N,N retention,N apparent digestibility and PUN concentration were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with 8EAA group,the N retention in -Arg,-Lys and -Met groups were significantly decreased by 30.62%,11.56% and 12.99% (P<0.05),and the daily gain were decreased by 13.89%,7.78% and 6.58% (P>0.05),respectively. PUN concentration was increased in response to the removement of Met,Arg and Lys. In conclusion,Arg,Met and Lys had restricted effect to Kazakh lamb in actual fattening conditions.     

十二指肠灌注不同必需氨基酸溶液对生长育肥羔羊氮平衡及血浆尿素氮的影响

试验旨在探究实际饲养条件下由十二指肠瘘管灌注不同必需氨基酸溶液对哈萨克羊羔羊氮平衡及血浆尿素氮（plasma urea nitrogen,PUN）的影响。选取5只体况良好、4月龄、体重为（29.40±1.76） kg的哈萨克羊公羔羊,安装永久性十二指肠近端瘘管,代谢笼内单笼饲养。采用5×5拉丁方设计,即不含氨基酸组（对照组）、包含8种必需氨基酸的全灌注组（8EAA）、剔除赖氨酸组（-Lys）、剔除精氨酸组（-Arg）及剔除蛋氨酸组（-Met）,处理组采用随机过程进行分配,每期7 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,8EAA组粪氮排出量差异不显著（P>0.05）,而尿氮、氮表观消化率、氮沉积和PUN浓度都显著升高（P<0.05）。与8EAA相比,-Arg、-Met、-Lys组氮沉积均显著降低（P<0.05）,分别降低30.62%、11.56%、12.99%,日增重分别下降13.89%、7.78%、6.58%,但差异不显著（P>0.05）,PUN浓度也有升高的趋势。结果表明,实际育肥条件下Arg、Met、Lys对哈萨克育肥羔羊有限制性作用。     

Postoperative respiratory effects of intravenous fentanyl compared to intravenous methadone in dogs following spinal surgery

Objective

To evaluate the 24-hour postoperative respiratory effects of either intravenous fentanyl administered as a constant rate infusion or boluses of methadone, in dogs following spinal surgery, assessed by serial arterial blood gas analyses.