Impact of intramammary tilmicosin infusion as a dry cow therapy

Three hundred subclinically infected quarters of 259 Holstein cows infected with gram‐positive bacteria were selected via quota sampling based on the California Mastitis Test (CMT) result and were divided randomly and equally into treatment and test groups. Quarters of test group (n = 150 in 128 cows) were treated with an intramammary infusion of tilmicosin, and quarters of the control group (n = 150 in 131 cows) were treated with cloxacillin as a traditional intramammary infusion of dry cow (DC) ointment. Cows with more than one infected quarter were randomly assigned to the same group, and adjacent quarters were treated the same. The milk samples of all quarters were obtained, and bacterial cultures and somatic cell count (SCC) were tested before dry cow therapy (DCT) (50 ± 15 days before parturition), and finally on day 2 of the next lactation. Results have shown that total bacteriological cure rates on day 2 of the next lactation were 45% and 78%, (p = .01), new infection rates were 43.3% and 56.6%, and SCC was (6.732 × 10⁵ ± 3.124 × 10⁵) and (5.025 × 10⁵ ± 2.935 × 10⁵), (p > .05) in test and control groups, respectively. Tilmicosin had less effect on reducing IMI due to Corynebacterium bovis, and had no effect on Streptococcus agalactiae, but had a potent effect against Staphylococcus aureus. It was concluded that tilmicosin alone should not be infused as an alternative to conventional dry cow therapy. However, it had a significant effect against S. aureus, and the potential of tilmicosin to treat S. aureus IMI should be confirmed in further studies.     

Pharmacokinetics of alfaxalone infusions,context-sensitive half-time and recovery times in male neutered cats

Objectives

To determine the context-sensitive half-time of alfaxalone following intravenous infusions of various durations. To estimate the time necessary for plasma concentration to decrease by up to 95%.

Effects of two fentanyl constant rate infusions on thermal thresholds and plasma fentanyl concentrations in awake cats

Objective

To determine the pharmacokinetics and effects on thermal thresholds (TT) of two fentanyl constant rate infusions in awake cats.

利福昔明子宫注入剂稳定性及其对家兔阴道黏膜刺激性研究

为研究利福昔明子宫注入剂的稳定性,从而初步确定其保质期,本试验取3批利福昔明子宫注入剂进行稳定性试验考察,包括影响因素、高温加速及长期稳定性,利用高效液相色谱法测定试验过程中利福昔明含量及有关物质的含量,从而初步确定利福昔明子宫注入剂的保质期。根据相关技术指导原则对家兔进行阴道刺激性试验。稳定性试验结果表明,根据面积归一化法计算有关物质的含量均不超过3%,注入剂的性状、沉降、粒度未发生明显变化,主成分利福昔明的含量变化在拟定标示量90.0%~110.0%范围内,从而确定本品的有效期为2年。家兔阴道刺激性试验结果显示,利福昔明子宫注入剂给药部位（阴道）和生理盐水对照组给药部位都没有出现红斑和水肿,刺激强度的评分为0;试验组和对照组的阴道黏膜没有出现明显的充血、水肿及异常分泌物流出的现象,阴道黏膜刺激指数为0.25。因此,利福昔明子宫注入剂对家兔的阴道无刺激性。本品的临床安全性良好,可进一步推广使用。     

茶汤对肉仔鸡肉品物性参数的影响

爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡200只,随机分为两组(试验组、对照组),试验组于14日龄起饮用1%茶叶汤,比较研究茶汤对肉仔鸡肉品物性参数的影响。结果:饮用茶汤试验组肉仔鸡胸肉的吊挂滴水损失率减少37%(P<0.05);色调指标的红度(a)值试验组低于对照组27.29%,而黄度(b)值高出对照组110.55%(P<0.05),两组平均色差(△Eab)为2.18,有可感觉到的差异。试验组肉仔鸡腹脂的碘价和酸度值分别低于对照组8.7%和20.5%(P<0.05)。结论:茶汤替代饮水对肉仔鸡的生活机能、肉品色度指标及肉     

绿茶茶汤中微量金属元素种类及含量研究

用ICP-OES法对5个茶树品种所制绿茶茶汤中的12种人体必需的微量金属元素进行检测。结果显示,绿茶茶汤中含有人体所需微量金属元素9种,其含量随季节变化和品种不同差异显著。主成分分析结果为:春茶微量金属元素营养最丰富,蜀永1号、蜀永2号、渝茶一号3个品种在各季评分中均较高,在功能性茶产品开发方面具有很大的发展空间。     

茶水放置过程中铅、铜、铁元素浸出的动态变化

对茶叶在冲泡放置24小时过程中铅、铜、铁元素浸出的动态变化研究，分析三种元素在茶水放置过程中含量的变化，探讨金属元素在茶叶冲泡过程中浸出规律及对茶水放置后安全性的影响。结果表明，三种金属元素的浸出含量不随时间显著变化，放置过程中不会造成茶汤中含量的明显增加。茶水隔夜放置不存在大量金属浸出的可能。     

The effects of propofol, isoflurane and sevoflurane on vecuronium infusion rates for surgical muscle relaxation in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the constant rate infusion (CRI) of vecuronium required to maintain a level of neuromuscular blockade adequate for major surgeries, e.g. thoracotomy or laparotomy, in dogs anaesthetized with a CRI of fentanyl and either propofol, isoflurane or sevoflurane. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over study. ANIMALS: Thirteen male beagles (age, 9-22 months; body mass 6.3-11.3 kg). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dogs were anaesthetized with propofol (24 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) IV CRI; group P), isoflurane (1.3% end-tidal concentration; group I) or sevoflurane (2.3% end-tidal concentration; group S) with fentanyl (5 microg kg(-1) hour(-1) IV, CRI). Sixty to seventy minutes after induction of anaesthesia, vecuronium was administered at a rate of 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) in groups P, I and S respectively. To determine the degree of neuromuscular block, a peripheral nerve was stimulated electrically using the train-of-four (TO4) stimulus pattern. Evoked muscle contractions were evaluated using a neuromuscular monitoring device. Once the TO4 ratio reached 0, the continuous infusion rate was decreased and adjusted to maintain a TO4 count of 1. Continuous infusion was continued for 2 hours. The infusion rate of vecuronium was recorded 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes after the start of infusion. RESULTS: The mean continuous infusion rates of vecuronium during stable infusion were 0.22 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SD), 0.10 +/- 0.02 and 0.09 +/- 0.02 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) in groups P, I and S respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the rates in groups P and I and between the rates in groups P and S. Conclusions and clinical relevance In healthy dogs, the recommended maintenance infusion rate of vecuronium is 0.2 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) under CRI propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia and 0.1 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) during CRI fentanyl-isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia.