Secretion of Homoarginine into the Gut of Chickens

Angkanaporn, K., Ravindran, V., Mollah, Y. and Bryden, W.L., 1997. Secretion of homoarginine into the gut of chickens. Veterinary Research Communications, 21(3), 161-167A technique, based on the homoarginine present in guanidinated proteins, has been used to distinguish between endogenous secretions and exogenous dietary amino acids in the ileal digesta of monogastric animals. This technique assumes that the ingested homoarginine is not recycled into the small intestine after absorption, but this assumption is yet to be experimentally validated in chickens. The secretion of homoarginine into the gut of broilers that were intravenously infused with 20 and 40 mmol/L homoarginine solutions was assessed. The plasma concentrations of homoarginine increased with increasing concentrations of homoarginine infused. However, only negligible levels of homoarginine (7.0 to 45.2 µg/g dry matter) were found in the digesta. Less than 0.01% of the intravenously infused homoarginine was recovered in the intestinal digesta, indicating that the secretion of homoarginine into the gut of chickens was insignificant.     

天蚕素类抗菌肽抗菌性能测定及其性质研究

利用天蚕素类抗菌肽产品(有效成分为10%)检测其抗菌性能及各项抗菌性质,为今后将其应用于饲料工业打下基础。结果表明:该产品对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为11mm、10mL、14.5mm,三者最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4500ug/mL、3500μg/mL、3500μg/mL,此外,该产品耐热性和耐酸性效果较佳,在100℃水浴15min后或pH值为1.0仍表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗性。据此试验,推荐其在试验动物日粮中添加量为3500μg/mL。     

日粮营养对动物脂肪组织基因表达的影响

脂肪组织是一个强大的分泌器官,它能分泌许多与能量、脂肪代谢相关的酶、激素等.调控能量代谢和脂肪组织生长.本文综述了日粮对动物脂肪组织中基因表达作用的研究状况.并阐述了营养成分对这些基因上下游表达的作用机制.     

模拟酸雨与Cd对紫萼膜脂过氧化及形态特征的影响

为了解酸雨与Cd复合污染对紫萼膜脂过氧化及形态特征的影响,本试验采用土培的方式,人工模拟pH分别为6.5,5.5,4.5,3.5,2.5梯度酸雨与不同浓度(0,10,30,50,100 mg/kg)Cd复合胁迫紫萼,从植物形态特征,质膜过氧化,抗氧化方面的响应研究复合污染对植物的生理生态影响特点。结果表明,复合污染比单一污染对植物伤害更大,二者间存在明显的交互作用,并非简单的加和作用,更多地表现为协同作用,高强度复合污染对紫萼的影响更大。紫萼对低强度酸雨和低浓度Cd污染有一定耐受性。Cd对植物的影响比酸雨更显著,是复合污染下造成植物伤害的主要因素。CAT活性对Cd污染比SOD敏感;Cd浓度为30 mg/kg和酸雨pH=3.5是植物可见伤害的临界值。综合各指标对复合污染的响应,紫萼可作为酸雨区土壤Cd污染背景下修复植物的选择。     

喷雾干燥鱼浆蛋白粉营养成分分析

本试验对鱼粉加工废水鱼浆蛋白粉(经浓缩、水解、喷雾干燥得到的副产品)进行营养成分分析,其中粗蛋白质含量达64.08%,钙2.67%、磷1.12%,钙磷比例合理;各氨基酸含量分别为:赖氨酸3.29%,蛋氨酸0.94%,谷氨酸5.17%,牛磺酸2.50%。     

Analysis of the toxic potential of Palicourea corymbifera (Müll. Arg.) Standl. in laboratory animals

Palicourea species may produce bovine toxicity. Palicourea corymbifera grows in terra firme forests within the Amazon rain forest and in Tropical America, particularly in spots that gave place to gazing areas. The lyophilized extract done with the aerial organs of P. corymbifera were analyzed in male and female mice. Results revealed a significant toxicity: LD50 was 1.10 (1.04-1.15)g/kg for male mice, and 1.05 (1.00-1.10)g/kg for female mice. Locomotion was affected as well as there were reflexes linked to environmental stimuli in addition to changes in posture. Progressive central nervous system stimulus signs such as trembling and convulsions were detected, the latter followed by the animal's death. Macroscopic histopathological exams performed on the liver, kidneys and lungs of mice submitted to necropsy did not indicate the existence of lesions. General activity of animals, measured in an open field, was reduced as a result of the administration of the extract. Duration of locomotion and rearing frequency were reduced, in opposition to an increase in the duration of immobility. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that monofluoroacetic acid is present in the lyophilized extract, but other qualitative techniques as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the MFAA was not present in the extract, and that the toxicity is related to other compound, although the toxic profile is very similar to that of MFAA. P. corymbifera was shown to be significantly toxic to laboratory animals and investigation of the possible toxic substance shall be done.     

Effect of different dietary ratios of sunflower and linseed oils on growth and carcass traits of rabbits

As part of an experiment aiming to modify the meat fatty acid profile, this work studied the growth and carcass traits as affected by various dietary ratios of sunflower oil and linseed oil. A diet without added oil served as a control (C). Four other diets were equally 4% oil-enriched but they differed in the incorporation ratios of sunflower oil (S) to linseed oil (L), i.e. 4% S to 0% L (diet 4%S), 3% S to 1% L (diet 3:1%SL), 2% S to 2% L (diet 2:2%SL) and 0% S to 4% L (diet 4%L). The oil-rich diets had slightly higher digestible energy contents (11.4 vs 10.6 MJ/kg) than the C feed. In each group 10 litters of 7 to 9 Pannon White kits per litter were studied in the pre-weaning period from 21 to 35 days old. Growth and slaughter traits were assessed with 50 and 30 rabbits per group, respectively. No significant effects of diets were found on litter and doe performances. The only significant differences in growth performance of the C, 4%S, 3:1%SL, 2:2%SL and 4%L rabbits were for the 35–49 day feed intake (88, 86, 84, 84 and 83 g per day, respectively, P = 0.046), the 35–84 day growth rate (36, 38, 37, 35 and 37 g/day, P = 0.034) and the 84-day body weight (2608, 2703, 2664, 2565 and 2628 g, respectively, P = 0.022). There were several significant differences in carcass traits including the weight of reference carcass (1357, 1391, 1388, 1380 and 1369 g, respectively, P = 0.004) and left longisimus dorsi meat (78, 79, 81, 81 and 76 g, respectively, P = 0.046) of rabbits. The diets had major effects on the L*, a* and b* colour values (lightness, redness and yellowness) of meat and fat. Carcass colour of the C and 4%S rabbits was closer and the 4%L rabbits was further from the European consumer's preference of light coloured, less red and slightly yellow rabbit meat. Our result reveals the importance of age and body weight at slaughter. Taking the growth and slaughter performances and, the recent belief of human health benefits from lower n− 6/n− 3 FAs dietary ratios into account, the 2:2%SL diet seems most appropriate if the interests of the raisers, meat processors and buyers are considered equally.     

Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs

Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia.     

牧草叶绿素衍生物植烷酸对动物机体的影响

牧草中含有大量的叶绿素,而牧草不同的生长期、收获期、贮藏条件和加工方式都影响着叶绿素的含量。叶绿素在被反刍动物采食后代谢为叶绿醇、降植烷酸和植烷酸,适当浓度的植烷酸可以提高糖类和脂类的代谢,增加脂肪酸氧化饲喂相关基因表达,诱导棕色脂肪细胞分化。植烷酸进入动物机体后对神经系统和免疫系统有积极作用,如减少致畸率等。本文对牧草中叶绿素植烷酸的结构、代谢过程,及其对动物机体的影响和未来发展方向进行了综述。