牛流行热病毒灭活疫苗免疫后牛外周血淋巴细胞亚类分布的研究

对牛流行热病毒灭活疫苗免疫并攻每后，牛外周血淋巴细胞亚类的变化进行了研究。结果表明，灭活苗免疫后，牛的CD4^ 显著升高，可能与参与辅助B淋巴细胞合成抗体有关，攻毒后，γδT细胞均显著上升，免疫组在攻毒后3周仍保持在相当的高水平，IL－2Rα阳性细胞在攻毒后高热期也有显著升高，而CD8^ 细胞没有明显变化。     

巴图湾水库风沙入库量的估算

风沙入库给干旱、半干旱地区的水库带来了严重的填淤危害。本文通过对内蒙古乌审旗南部巴图湾水库岸边流动沙丘不同部位风速与风沙流的同步观测,计算出库岸流动沙丘表面的平均输沙率。利用巴图湾水库1986~2005年9月份的5期TM遥感影像统计出水库两岸受不同风向影响的流动沙丘断面的平均长度,结合巴图湾水库附近乌审旗河南乡气象站1985~2004年的气象资料,统计出不同风向大于起沙风的风速年均持续时间,初步计算出巴图湾水库的年均入库风沙量。结果表明:(1)巴图湾水库的年均入库风沙量为3.65万t,其中西岸风沙入库量为3.55万t,东岸为0.10万t。西岸风沙危害最为严重,是治沙工作的重点。(2)巴图湾水库的风沙入库具有明显的时间性和方向性。受季风气候的影响,风沙入库的方向会随着风向的变化而改变。东南风与西北风是造成东西两岸风沙入库的主要风向。西北风对风沙入库量的贡献最大。(3)在大于起沙风的风速中,5~12 m/s风速段是风沙入库的主要风速。当风速中7 m/s以上的风速持续时间有一个较小的增加时,入库风沙量将会有一个巨大的增加。(4)库岸半固定沙丘的风沙入库,降尘和风水复合侵蚀引起的库岸坍塌也是入库风沙量的重要组成部分。因此,巴图湾水库的实际年入库风沙量应该大于3.65万t。     

有摩擦的高速气体管流

本文以多变热力过程为基础建立了有摩擦管路的计算公式,并对计算方法和有关问题作了分析说明.     

The importance of manual white blood cell differential counts and platelet estimates in elephant hematology: blood film review is essential

Unique features of elephant hematology are known challenges in analytical methodology like two types of monocytes typical for members of the Order Afrotheria and platelet counts of the comparatively small elephant platelet. To investigate WBC differential and platelet data generated by an impedance-based hematology analyzer without availability of validated species-specific software for recognition of elephant WBCs and platelets, compared to manual blood film review. Blood samples preserved in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of 50 elephants (n = 35 Elephas maximus and n = 15 Loxodonta africana) were used. A Mann-Whitney test for independent samples was used to compare parameters between methods and agreement was tested using Bland-Altman bias plots. All hematological variables, including absolute numbers of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets, were significantly different (p < 0.0001) between both methods of analysis, and there was no agreement using Bland-Altman bias plots. Manual review consistently produced higher heterophil and monocyte counts as well as platelet estimates, while the automated analyzer produced higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. The hematology analyzer did not properly differentiate elephant lymphocytes and monocytes, and did not accurately count elephant platelets. These findings emphasize the importance of manual blood film review as part of elephant complete blood counts in both clinical and research settings and as a basis for the development of hematological reference intervals.     

集中流作用下黄土坡面剥蚀率对侵蚀动力学参数的响应

集中流引起的细沟侵蚀是黄土高原坡耕地主要侵蚀方式之一,对坡面集中水流动力学特性研究有利于掌握坡面集中流剥蚀产沙的根本原因,但目前哪种集中流水动力学参数最能准确揭示侵蚀动力过程机理尚不明确。该文采用室内集中流放水冲刷试验,以黄土高原典型黄绵土为研究对象,研究坡面平均和瞬时剥蚀率与相应水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率以及过水断面单位能量之间的关系。结果表明,除了瞬时过水断面单位能量拟合效果较差外,其他平均和瞬时水力学参数均能够较好地与坡面剥蚀率建立不同的拟合关系。所有参数中平均水流功率是描述本试验条件下的最优水力学参数。由于细沟发育过程中大量坍塌的出现,导致整个径流剪切力和水流功率与剥蚀率之间的关系曲线整体上升,出现了临界剪切力和临界水流功率为负值的情况。通过与仅考虑水流对坡面直接作用参数所得结果对比,表明坍塌等作用在细沟发育过程中具有重要影响,对剥蚀率的贡献可达90.93%。研究可为控制和预防集中流侵蚀发生提供科学依据。     

Agreement of high definition oscillometry with direct arterial blood pressure measurement at different blood pressure ranges in horses under general anaesthesia

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement of high definition oscillometry (HDO) with direct arterial blood pressure measurements in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive horses during general anaesthesia.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy warmblood horses, aged 3–11 years, weighing 470–565 kg.MethodsMeasurements from a HDO device with the cuff placed around the base of the tail were compared with pressures measured invasively from the facial artery. High blood pressures were induced by intravenous (IV) administration of dobutamine (5 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) over ten minutes followed by norepinephrine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹ IV) and low pressures by increasing the inspired fraction of isoflurane and administration of nitroglycerine (0.05 mg kg⁻¹ IV). For analysis three pressure levels were determined: high (MAP>110 mmHg), normal (60 mmHgResultsA total of 245 paired measurements of systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) pressures were obtained. The HDO device underestimated blood pressure at hypertensive and normotensive levels and overestimated blood pressure at hypotensive levels. Best agreement was obtained for SAP and MAP within normotensive limits. At normotension, bias ± standard deviation for SAP, MAP and DAP were 0.1 ± 19.4 mmHg, 0.5 ± 14.0, 4.7 ± 15.6, respectively. At high pressure levels bias and SD were 26.1 ± 37.3 (SAP), 4.2 ± 19.4 (MAP), 1.5 ± 16.8 (DAP) and at low pressures -20.0 ± 20.9 (SAP), -11.4 ± 19.6 (MAP), -4.7 ± 20.1 (DAP), with HDO measurements at a MAP <50 mmHg often failing.Conclusion and clinical relevanceGood agreement with invasive arterial blood pressures was obtained with HDO at normotensive levels in horses. At high and low pressure ranges HDO was unreliable. Therefore, if haemodynamic instability is expected, invasive measurement remains preferable.     

不同萝卜品种的抗氧化性研究

通过在碱性介质中,抗氧化性物质能强烈地抑制鲁米诺—NaClO的化学发光,利用流动注射技术,建立了一种评价不同种类萝卜总体抗氧化活性大小的方法。结果表明:在最优的条件下,萝卜的抗氧化活性能力依次为:心里美萝卜广州白萝卜普通白萝卜。     

基于大涡模拟的水轮机内瞬态湍流场特性分析

基于三维瞬态N-S方程,采用大涡模拟方法中的Smargorinsky模型,应用模拟动静干扰效果较好的滑移网格技术,以标准k-ε模型稳态计算的结果作为初始条件,对某混流式水轮机全流道进行了的三维瞬态湍流数值模拟.用Fluent 6.3,采用非结构化的混合网格和压力速度耦合的PISO算法,成功地模拟了水轮机在运行中的各种瞬态细节过程,如涡旋的卷起、增长、合并、破碎和脱落.模拟结果给出了偏工况下水轮机导水机构和转轮流道内大尺度涡结构的瞬态发展演变过程.计算结果表明大涡模拟方法能较好地模拟水轮机内水流的瞬态流动特性和瞬时涡的发展演化过程,该方法可为探索研究水力机械复杂流道湍流运动状态下涡旋的形成机理提供有价值的参考.     

高效节水灌溉管道流量计算原则初探

对于管网优化及投资分析来说,最不利情况下的水力条件不是普遍条件,不能够完全代表管网应当有的优化假定条件。通过管道控制灌溉面积来确定管道的流量,按照满足在一天内,管道控制的所有灌水器都灌溉一次的原则确定,并给出公式。让管道的流量这一重要参数,在高效节水灌溉工程优化和设计计算中变得简单并容易计算。