中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病遗传参数估计

旨在估计中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d的繁殖疾病遗传参数。本研究收集了1993-2017年间北京地区27个场中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d25 026条繁殖疾病记录,统计分析发病规律,采用阈模型和线性模型,以场年、胎次和产犊季节为固定效应,个体加性遗传效应和永久环境效应为随机效应得到遗传参数来探究中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病遗传规律,同时尝试单独对子宫疾病进行遗传参数估计。结果显示,奶牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病记录占整个泌乳期繁殖疾病记录的54%;使用线性模型和阈模型所得奶牛产后0～35d遗传力分别为0.015 2(0.001 9)和0.094 4(0.01),使用SAS计算两个模型繁殖疾病EBV排名秩相关达95%(P<0.01);在繁殖疾病中,子宫疾病占48%,且主要集中于产后0～35d,利用线性模型估计得到产后0～35d子宫疾病遗传力为0.010 7(0.001 6)。根据线性模型得到的EBV计算繁殖疾病遗传趋势,发现自2000年以来,公母牛繁殖疾病、子宫疾病估计育种值均呈现下降趋势。本研究结果可为中国荷斯坦牛繁殖疾病的遗传育种工作提供参考。     

Low Concentration of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Mares with Delayed Uterine Clearance

Luteal dysfunction has been observed in mares with defective uterine clearance. Association of low ovarian reserve with luteal dysfunction and abnormal endometrial thickness has been reported in bovine. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been indicated as a marker for ovarian reserve in bovine and originates primarily from the ovary in equine. The present study evaluated serum AMH concentration in mares with delayed uterine clearance versus that in mares without delayed uterine clearance. Of 49 mares assigned to the study, 12 and 37 mares were diagnosed with and without delayed uterine clearance, respectively. Delayed uterine clearance was determined based on history and the observation of intrauterine fluid in ultrasonographic examination 24 hours after natural breeding. Serum AMH concentration was measured during estrus. Concentration of AMH was lower in mares with delayed uterine clearance (0.4 ± 0.1 ng/mL) than in those without delayed uterine clearance (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/mL). In conclusion, the present study indicated possible associations between ovary-lined mechanisms and uterine clearance failure in mares.     

Cystic calculus in a mare due to a misplaced uterine glass marble

A 9-year-old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation of continuous oestrus, polyuria and suspected pyometra after a glass marble was placed in the uterus by the owner. Palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a spherical object, but it was not possible to discern whether it was located within the lumen of the uterus or urinary bladder. Thus, an endoscopic examination of both uterus and bladder was carried out and a spherical, spiculated surface urolith was found on the floor of the bladder. The cystic urolith with suspected marble core was removed using a 12-mm specimen retrieval bag with endoscopic guidance. Follow-up with the owner one month after discharge revealed that the mare had not shown any signs of discomfort while urinating nor signs of oestrus.     

利福昔明子宫注入剂稳定性及其对家兔阴道黏膜刺激性研究

为研究利福昔明子宫注入剂的稳定性,从而初步确定其保质期,本试验取3批利福昔明子宫注入剂进行稳定性试验考察,包括影响因素、高温加速及长期稳定性,利用高效液相色谱法测定试验过程中利福昔明含量及有关物质的含量,从而初步确定利福昔明子宫注入剂的保质期。根据相关技术指导原则对家兔进行阴道刺激性试验。稳定性试验结果表明,根据面积归一化法计算有关物质的含量均不超过3%,注入剂的性状、沉降、粒度未发生明显变化,主成分利福昔明的含量变化在拟定标示量90.0%~110.0%范围内,从而确定本品的有效期为2年。家兔阴道刺激性试验结果显示,利福昔明子宫注入剂给药部位（阴道）和生理盐水对照组给药部位都没有出现红斑和水肿,刺激强度的评分为0;试验组和对照组的阴道黏膜没有出现明显的充血、水肿及异常分泌物流出的现象,阴道黏膜刺激指数为0.25。因此,利福昔明子宫注入剂对家兔的阴道无刺激性。本品的临床安全性良好,可进一步推广使用。     

Diagnostic validity of cervical precancerous lesions by liquid-based cytology technique combined with high-risk HPV-DNA detection

AIM: To investigate liquid-based cytology technique (LCT) combined with high-risk human papilloma virus DNA (HPV-DNA) detection for diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions. METHODS: Screening of cervical cancer was performed by LCT combined with HPV-DNA detection in 6 521 women at the age of 19~65 in our hospital for physical examination from December 2007 to December 2010. Eighteen high-risk HPV isoform genes were detected by HPV typing gene chip detection system. The women with positive detection underwent colposcopic cervical biopsies. The women with negative detection also underwent colposcopic cervical biopsies if the operation was of their own accord. RESULTS: The LCT positive results (≥ASCUS) were observed in 152 cases and HPV positive results were obtained in 86 cases. The women with both 2 positive results were found in 42 cases. The women with both LCT and HPV negative results were determined in 6 325 cases. In 152 cases of LCT positive and 86 cases of HPV positive women, the positive results of pathological biopsy (≥CINI) were 112 and 68 cases, respectively. Thirty-four cases in the 42 cases of both LCT and HPV positive women were conformed by pathological biopsy. In 6 325 women with negative results of LCT and HPV detection, 2 000 were perform pathological biopsy according to their own accord and only 1 had positive result. The diagnostic sensitivity of LCT for cervical precancerous lesions was 76.19% with the specificity of 98.05%. The diagnostic sensitivity of HPV detection for precancerous lesions of uterine cervix was 46.26% with the specificity of 99.12%. Combination of the 2 methods to diagnose cervical precancerous lesions made the sensitivity increase to 99.32% with the specificity of 99.61%. CONCLUSION: Liquid-based cytology technique combined with high-risk HPV-DNA detection is better than each of the single technique for screening precancerous lesion of cervical carcinoma.     

羊腹腔镜子宫角人工输精技术

采取人工授精技术可极大提高羊的生产性能,增加优秀个体所占比例,加快选育速度;可有效利用具有最优遗传性状的公羊,快捷而有效的增加优秀种羊的推广面与覆盖度;减少种公羊饲养管理费用与死亡率;防止因交配而感染疾病,提高母羊的受胎率。目前,研究人员在新鲜精液的基础上,又开发出了冷冻精液输精,冷冻精液可减少养殖场种公羊的饲养数量,控制养殖场的公母比例,大幅降低养殖成本,提高养殖场的经济效益。作者介绍了阴道输精技术及腹腔镜子宫角输精2种常用输精技术,同时简述了其优缺点;阐述了腹腔镜子宫角输精技术的各项操作流程及操作过程中的注意事项和术后护理等,旨在为腹腔镜子宫角输精技术提供理论依据及在实践过程中提供技术支持。     

The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development

The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.     

Packed cell volume (PCV) in connection with uterine prolapse and in parturient paresis in cows.

Packed cell volume was determined in 317 cows with uterine prolapse, the condition being in more than half of these cases associated with varying degrees of hypocalcaemia, in 133 cows with parturient paresis and in 73 clinically healthy newly calved cows. Independently of each other uterine prolapse and fall in plasma calcium were associated with a significant rise in PCV. The present investigation demonstrated a marked fall in circulating blood volume in a considerable number of cows suffering from uterine prolapse. The risk of irreversible hypovolemic shock developing in connection with uterine prolapse is not to be neglected, and may be aggravated by the simultaneous occurrence of hypocalcaemia, as several of the compensatory mechanisms are calcium dependent.     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断

目的：观察MRI在子宫腺肌症诊断中的价值。方法：对32例经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌症患者行MRI检查。结果：弥漫性子宫腺肌症15例．在T2wI上表现为子宫结合带弥漫性增厚。局限性子宫腺肌症17例,在T2WI上表现为与结合带信号相近的低信号肿块影,边界不清。仅1例病灶边界相对较清。本组32例低信号病灶,病理学上为增生肥大的平滑肌,其内散在的点状高信号灶为异位内膜岛。结论：MRI能对子宫腺肌症作出明确诊断。并在其诊断和鉴别诊断中有着重要作用。     

中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对人工发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动的影响

在急性实验条件下,以爆发波(BW)的频率、波宽、峰电位数、峰电位频率、幅值及单波的幅值、频率为指标,观察电刺激PAG外侧区或背侧区及外侧区注射雌激素对人工发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动的影响。结果:1.刺激PAG外侧区后,子宫颈、体、角BW频率和峰电位频率增加非常显著,岭电位数增加显著;子宫颈、体BW波宽,颈、角的幅值增加显著。2.电刺激PAG背侧区后,子宫平滑肌电活动无明显变化。3.向PAG外侧区注入雌激素后,子宫颈、休、角平滑肌BW频率和峰电位频率减少非常显著。以上结果表明:PAG外侧区参与子宫活动的调节,将侧区对此无作用。雌激素在PAG外侧区对发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动有负反馈调节作用。