三种螽斯鸣唱行为的比较研究

研究了优雅蝈螽、鼓翅鸣螽和暗褐蝈螽3种螽斯的鸣唱行为、鸣声种类.结果表明它们具有明显的日节律,优雅蝈螽和暗褐蝈螽属昼鸣性昆虫,鼓翅鸣螽属夜鸣性昆虫,但在竞鸣时日节律受到影响.通过录音回放和示波器摄影分析,确定优雅蝈螽的鸣声分为呼唤声、求偶声和惊叫声;暗褐蝈螽分为出短鸣、呼唤声和求偶声;鼓翅鸣螽分为呼唤声、求偶声、做爱声和惊叫声.优雅蝈螽雄虫的停鸣期长于雌虫的食包期,而暗褐蝈螽和鼓翅鸣螽的则相反.     

菊花节律钟输出基因CmGI（GIGANTEA）的cDNA全长克隆、序列信息及定量表达分析

【目的】克隆菊花节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA的cDNA全长序列,进行序列信息学分析,研究其mRNA的相对定量表达。【方法】利用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）结合5′RACE、3′RACE技术,克隆节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA的cDNA全长序列,应用生物信息学软件对获得的基因核苷酸序列及编码的蛋白质序列进行分析;通过在线建模软件对蛋白质的三维结构进行建模预测;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,用2-△△Ct法进行GIGANTEA的mRNA相对定量表达分析。【结果】从菊花品种‘Jinba’中克隆得到节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA的cDNA全长序列,核苷酸序列长度3 461 bp,开放阅读框3 453 bp,编码1 150个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白与植物节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA同源,命名为CmGI基因,序列提交到GenBank,登录号为JQ043439。序列比对显示与葡萄、蓖麻等的GI的相似度依次为76%、75%。构建类似蛋白系统进化树显示,菊花CmGI与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana GIGANTEA,ABP96482.1）分子进化距离最近,其次是白菜（Brassica rapa GIGANTEA,AEB33730.1）;预测CmGI蛋白有6个跨膜螺旋多次跨膜;为转录因子,定位在细胞核中,为非分泌性蛋白质;不具备信号肽;对CmGI三级结构建模预测表明,蛋白核心结构符合转录因子与DNA结合常见的功能域HTH、HLH;采用荧光相对定量分析,菊花CmGI的表达呈昼夜节律表达模式;不同花芽分化阶段叶片中CmGI基因mRNA水平差异大,两个高峰值分别出现在花芽分化启动期和小花原基分化中期;营养生长的组培苗、长日照条件下的叶、芽、花蕾期均是痕量表达;盛花期表达量依次为叶片>舌状花>筒状花。【结论】从菊花中克隆得到节律钟输出基因CmGI,对该基因的进一步深入研究有助于探索光周期途径菊花成花的分子调控机制,可作为切花菊花期调控分子育种的目标基因。     

Phytosiderophore release in relation to multiple micronutrient metal deficiency in wheat

Phytosiderophore (PS) release, which occurs mainly under iron deficiencies in the representative Poaceae, has been speculated to be a general adaptive response to enhance the acquisition of micronutrient metals. However, it is very common to encounter deficiency of micronutrients other than iron (Fe) in soils and interactions with respect of multi-micronutrient deficiency to effect on PS release are not known. Further, the diurnal rhythm for the release of PS may also be affected under multiple micronutrient deficiency. PS release capacity and PS content of roots and the diurnal rhythm of PS release was measured in selected efficient and inefficient wheat genotypes varied on individual and combined deficiency of Fe, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in nutrient solution culture. A nutrient sufficient treatment was also taken as experimental control. Lack of Fe in the nutrient medium caused a significantly higher release of PSs followed by Zn, Mn and Cu in the same order. The diurnal rhythm of PS release was similar in the absence of either of the micronutrients or under their combined deficiency. Micronutrient sufficient control did not release any PS. Fe-use-efficient cultivars produced and released a larger amount of PS and differed from the inefficient cultivars in terms of the PS release but not in the PS biosynthesis in the roots. Thus, indicating that the limitation at the level of release of the PS is responsible for low Fe use efficiency of the Fe deficiency susceptible cultivars. Further, the diurnal variation in the PS release was similar for all the investigated wheat cultivars and did not influence the variation in the Fe use efficiency.     

烤烟不同时期叶片生长规律研究

[目的]研究烤烟叶片的生长规律。[方法]以烤烟G80为试验材料,利用2014—2016年烤烟育苗、大田栽培的试验数据,分析烤烟不同时期、不同部位叶片生长规律。[结果]烤烟新生叶片全日生长量不断加速,依次成为全株生长速度最快的叶片,然后,依次进入不可逆转的生长减速。各叶位叶片长度和宽度最快生长期均在从主要依靠功能叶片输入有机物生长向主要依靠自身光合作用合成有机物生长期间出现。指出烤烟叶片生长过程中长度和宽度增加、叶面积增加、干物质增加最快时期和光合生产率最高时期依次出现,烤烟不同品种、不同部位叶片因外形不同和同一叶片不同时期因外形变化叶面积校正系数不同。[结论]该研究可为烤烟叶片生长规律进一步研究提供参考。     

大兴安岭南段马鹿日活动节律的季节变化研究

为探明马鹿日活动节律的季节性变化特点,利用自动红外相机技术,于2011年9月至2012年8月在内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区对该地区的马鹿进行了调查研究。结果发现:马鹿日活动节律存在显著的季节性变化(χ2= 7.905,P=0.048),秋冬两季的活动强度最强,春夏两季的活动强度类似;春夏两季,日活动强度在林缘开阔地生境和林间生境中不存在显著差异(Z=-0.210,P=0.834)。马鹿出现晨昏活动两个高峰时段(春季05:00、19:00,夏季00:00、20:00),繁殖需求、食物资源和气候条件可能是造成这一变化的主要原因。在上述两种生境中的活动强度不存在显著差异,说明在本研究区域内马鹿的活动很少受到生境结构变化的影响。本研究结果有助于监测保护区内马鹿的种群对不同生境的季节性选择情况,为保护区更为有效地管理野生动物提供数据支持。      

红椿不同种源的苗期生长节律研究

【目的】揭示红椿Toona ciliata 18个种源的苗期生长规律,为培育优质红椿苗木和选择优良种源提供科学依据。【方法】对红椿18个种源一年生苗木的苗高和地径进行定期观测,利用SPSS进行方差分析,获得遗传变异系数,并利用Logistic方程对苗高和地径进行曲线拟合,估算生长参数,分析苗高、地径与地理及生态因子的相关性。【结果】红椿苗期苗高和地径遗传变异系数分别为43.31%和36.25%;参试种源苗高和地径生长的地理变异以经度控制为主。苗高和地径的生长均呈现"慢-快-慢"的"S"型生长曲线模式;在观测期间,苗高与地径生长都出现2次高峰;不同种源红椿生长性状的Logistic方程拟合决定系数为0.971~0.998,均达到了显著水平;可将红椿苗高和地径的生长分为生长前期、速生期及生长后期3个阶段。参试红椿种源在各个时期的起始及持续时间存在差异。【结论】红椿苗高和地径遗传潜力大。不同种源生长性状的地理变异趋势明显,采种点由东到西苗高及地径生长变快。苗期生长节律存在显著差异。在速生期中,华中及华东地区种源苗高和地径快速生长持续时间较长,但生长量较小,并且年总生长量较低。     

高密诗派领袖李怀民诗歌艺术综论

李怀民是清代高密诗派领袖,今存诗437首,其中五律最多。其诗歌创作现实功利性很强,即借助“师古”——古诗宗法“陶韦”、律诗学习“张贾”,以矫正明清诗坛“矫饰”“熟俗”、不“入格”等流弊,故呈现“清真”“平淡”“新奇”的风格特征与“格法精严”的艺术特点。其审美理想、成长环境、人生遭际、创作态度等也是影响其诗歌艺术特征的主要因素。其诗被后人奉为典范而广为流传,在一定范围内扭转了一代诗风,在清代诗坛上具有重要的地位和影响。诗歌局限主要是题材内容不够广泛。     

再引入黑颈长尾雉日活动规律及时间分配

2003年12月,采用瞬时扫描取样法对岑王老山国家级自然保护区再引入黑颈长尾雉放归自然初期的活动节律及时间分配进行了研究。结果表明,再引入黑颈长尾雉放归自然初期的各种行为具有较强的规律性。活动时间分配比例为：雄性：觅食40%,游走28%,追逐25%,警戒3%,静栖和其他的时间各2%;雌性：觅食65%,游走25%,静栖和其他各3%,警戒和追逐各2%。早晨下树后和傍晚上树前各出现1次游走和觅食高峰。     

雷公藤物候观察初报

在雷公藤种质资源圃中对雷公藤3个类型132个单株，定期进行物候观察，结果表明：雷公藤枝条1a春、秋生长2次，以春梢为主，典型雷公藤与中间型雷公藤春梢生长集中于4月上旬至5月上旬，昆明山海棠春梢生长比典型雷公藤迟20d左右，生长季也长，集中在4月下旬至6月下旬。典型雷公藤5月中旬始花，5月下旬盛花，6月下旬花谢，果实10月上中旬成熟；中间型雷公藤与昆明山海棠花期比典型雷公藤迟10d左右。     

Comparison of Systolic Cardiac Function Before and After Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Horses With and Without Additional Cardiac Valve Insufficiencies

Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations were conducted before therapy and 4 days after conversion to normal sinus rhythm in 15 horses with a history of atrial fibrillation of 2-6 months duration. Seven horses showed no other signs of cardiac disease. Four horses suffered additionally from mitral valve insufficiency, while six horses had aortic valve insufficiency, including two of the four horses with mitral valve insufficiency, but none had signs of congestive heart failure. Doppler echocardiographic estimates of various variables were made for assessment of systolic heart function. These included heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and cardiac output per kg of body weight (heart index). After conversion to normal sinus rhythm, the horses without heart valve insufficiency showed a statistically significantly decreased heart rate (-24%) and cardiac output (-3%), but an increase in stroke volume (+8.4%) and heart index (+9%). The horses with heart valve insufficiency experienced a statistically significant decrease in heart rate (-21%) after conversion to normal sinus rhythm, but showed an increase in all other variables. Cardiac output increased statistically significantly by 20%, stroke volume by 54% and heart index by 58%.