一年生西南桦无性系生长情况初步调查

对云南省德宏州、普洱市选出的西南桦优树进行组培,培育出4个无性系苗木,以普洱无性系为对照,开展西南桦的山地造林试验,每月定时观察记录,并进行分析。分析结果表明：4个无性系幼树的1年树高、径粗生长呈现为生长缓慢期、速生期、缓慢期3个阶段,生长高峰集中在5～8月;西南桦无性系2号与其它3个无性系之间达到极显著差异,生长最快,适应性强,可作为普洱当地造林的候选优良繁殖材料进一步试验观测。     

番荔枝苗木生长节律及生物量积累

通过对番荔枝苗木生长动态、苗木生物量积累和分配模式研究,建立了苗木的生长模型、连日生长量模型,并据此模型将番荔枝苗木生长进程划分为：生长初期、速生期、缓增期和停滞期。其中,苗高和地径在速生期间的生长量占全年总生长量的67.38％和70.33％。苗木生物量积累与苗高、地径的函数模型关系表明：全株干质量、地上干质量、全株含水量和地上部分含水量与苗高和地径显著相关。番荔枝苗木生长210 d 全株可积累干质量7.39 g,其中地上部分为4.86 g,地下部分为2.53 g,全株含水量是全株干质量的1.68倍。建议根据苗木不同阶段的生长特性提出相应的育苗技术措施。本研究为高效培育番荔枝优质苗木提供了科学依据。     

红松不同种源与家系苗期生理特性研究

通过对铁力市、带岭林业局、五营林业局和汤旺河林业局4个不同种源群组的39株红松家系3年子代苗期的生理生长特性显示,4个种源区家系3年苗木的苗木质量指数（QI）分别为铁力0.45,带岭0.4,五营0.43,汤旺河0.49,各群组间苗期生理特性差异较小。其中表现最为优良单株为铁力9号优树,全株生物量为5.12g,二级根当年萌发数为140。表现最差为带岭26号优树,全株生物量为2.57,二级根当年萌发数为65。组内差异较大。另外,五营种源区各家系间分化程度较小,其峰值基本处于中心水平区间。而其它3个种源区家系间峰度偏移,组内分化相对明显。在对各家系地上部和地下部的分析证明,红松家系幼苗在出苗初期就已经出现一定差异,而种间竞争和根系的生长发育则起到了重要作用。     

花榈木实生苗苗期的生长发育节律

为花榈木苗木的科学培育管理和培育优质壮苗提供理论依据,利用 Logistic方程拟合方法,对花榈木1年生实生苗木的苗高和地径的年生长发育节律进行了研究。结果表明：花榈木苗木的年生长量呈明显的慢－快－慢－快－慢”的生长发育节律。花榈木生长可划分为出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长后期4个阶段,出苗期为5月上旬至6月上旬,持续时间长;生长初期为6月中旬,持续时间短,仅10 d;速生期为6月中下旬至8月中下旬,持续时间长,生长量最大,占整个苗高生长量的56．46％、地径生长量的54．69％;地径比苗高提前10 d 进入速生期,持续时间比苗高短22 d,苗高在8月中下旬还有较大生长生,地径在8月中旬提前进入生长后期,苗高持续生长一段时间后在8月下旬进入生长后期。     

鹅耳枥苗期生长特性和叶绿素荧光年变化

以两年生鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninowii)播种苗为研究材料,对幼苗的物候和苗高、地径等生长特性以及叶绿素荧光年变化进行研究。结果表明,Logistic方程对苗高、地径年生长节律拟合效果明显,效果较好。同时将幼苗生长时期划分为"慢—快—慢"3个阶段,各阶段明显。6月、8月和9月中旬是地径生长的3次高峰期,而苗高仅出现一次连续快速生长期(6~7月中旬)。通过相关性分析得出,苗高、地径生长密切相关,呈线性生长关系。多元回归分析得出,影响苗高生长的主导环境因子是旬平均气温,所选气象环境因子对地径生长影响不显著。幼苗全年叶绿素荧光测定得出,Fv/Fm值全年波动不大,表明植物受环境胁迫影响较小,幼苗生长状态良好。     

Comparison of oxygen consumption patterns between wild and cultured black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

ABSTRACT:   To compare metabolic activity rhythms between wild and cultured black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli , we measured long-term oxygen consumption rates (OCR) using an automatic intermittent-flow respirometer under constant temperature and darkness. Oxygen consumption rates peaked among wild black rockfish at 12.4 h intervals, which corresponded to a circatidal rhythm. The wild fish were probably exhibiting responses that corresponded to tidal events in their natural environment. However, when captured wild black rockfish were kept under laboratory conditions (12 h light [L] : 12 h dark [D]) for 30 days, the OCR shifted to a circadian rhythm (24.1–24.9 h). The OCR of cultured black rockfish that had been reared in a tank for 9 months peaked at approximately 24 h intervals, corresponding to a circadian rhythm. The results of this study suggest that the differences in OCR patterns between wild and cultured fish were mainly due to differences in the environmental conditions between tidal and non-tidal habitats.     

Spatial–temporal variations in biosonar activity of Yangtze finless porpoise in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its correlation with underwater noise: Are quieter non-shipping branches the remaining shelters?

1. Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise.
2. Two locations on the shipping channel and non-shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases.
3. A non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non-shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation.
4. Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non-shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non-shipping channel.
5. In the non-shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night.
6. These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non-shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.

     

枣粘虫性行为时辰节律的研究

本文利用腺体提取、瓶内收集、触角电位和田间试验等方法对枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素时辰节律进行了研究。其中瓶内收集性信息素的方法,在研究昆虫释放性信息素时辰节律方面报道很少,更重要的是,此法在我们的实验中取得了比较满意的效果。研究结果表明:(1)羽化后1—6天的提取物产生的触角电位无明显差异,说明性信息素在此期间的产生与日龄无关(2)腺体中性信息素的含量高峰在凌晨4点,而从体内往体外释放的高峰在早晨7点。(3)利用处女雌蛾不同时辰的诱蛾量的田间试验也进一步证明了枣粘虫产生和释放性信息素与交配行为在时辰节律上的同步性。     

油茶不同苗龄造林后的生长节律研究

用1年生与2年生油茶苗木造林对比试验结果表明：油茶在相同的生长时间内（含苗龄时间）,苗高生长、地径生长、叶片性状、生物量都有明显的差异。通过对比试验,掌握了油茶不同苗龄造林当年生长发育的特点,为油茶幼林的科学管理提供理论依据。