花鲈皮肤溃疡病病原菌的分离与鉴定

为了确定海水池塘养殖花鲈发生皮肤溃疡病的病原菌及其防治方法。利用莆田市人工饲养的花鲈中挑取具有皮肤溃疡病明显症状的幼鱼,从体表病灶和体内组织中分离出病原菌,通过人工感染试验、细菌形态观察及常规生理生化指标测定对其进行了分类学鉴定,同时进行药敏试验。结果表明：引起该养殖场皮肤溃疡病的病原菌为哈维氏弧菌,该菌对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、哌拉西林、替卡西林、头孢拉定、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛钠、美罗培南、头孢西丁、卡那霉素、奈替米星、阿米卡星等14种药物敏感,对米诺环素、链霉素等抗生素表现出耐药。在实际生产上采用饲料中添加复方新诺明和维生素C的方法来治疗花鲈皮肤溃疡病,连续用药10天后,取得了较好的疗效。     

锦鲤溃疡病病原菌的分离及16SrRNA鉴定

为寻找引起养殖锦鲤(Ornamental carp)病害的致病因子,从北京地区自然患病的锦鲤体内分离疑似致病菌,再将此菌人工感染健康锦鲤,确定致病菌。采用生理生化鉴定与16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育学分析相结合的方法确定该致病菌株的系统发育地位,同时采用琼脂扩散法测定该菌对抗菌类药物的敏感性。试验结果表明,从病鱼体内分离得到革兰氏阴性杆菌CL0901,人工感染健康锦鲤后,能够引起鱼生病甚至死亡,症状与自然发病症状一致。菌株CL0901与Aeromonas veronii ATCC 35624T的16S rRNA基因序列相似性达99.9%,构建系统发育树,并结合形态特征与生理生化测定结果,将该致病菌鉴定为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)。在21种抗菌类药物对该菌的抑菌试验中,左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星和洛美沙星等10种药物的抑菌效果较好。本研究为进一步防制锦鲤养殖病害提供依据。     

Integrity of gastric mucosa in reared piglets – effects of physical form of diets (meal/pellets), pre‐processing grinding (coarse/fine) and addition of lignocellulose (0/2.5 %)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of different particle fractions in non‐pelleted (meal) and pelleted diets on the development of pre‐ulcerative gastric alterations. Furthermore, the effect of increased crude fibre supply (lignocellulose) on the integrity of gastric mucosa were investigated. For that purpose, 49 piglets were divided into eight feeding groups and fed pelleted diets differing in grinding intensity (very coarse/coarse/fine/very fine) and addition of lignocellulose (0/2.5%) for 6 weeks. A coarsely ground meal was used as control diet. Mucosal integrity of the pars non‐glandularis was characterised by macroscopical and histological score and basal epithelial conductance. Feed structure was assessed by sieve analysis (wet/dry). The use of coarsely ground meal (25% >2 mm, 29% <0.4 mm) had almost no negative effects on the gastric wall: three of seven pigs had slight histological and none had macroscopical lesions. Irrespective of the original grinding intensity before pelleting, offering pelleted diets led to mucosal changes similar in severity (one out of seven pigs fed coarsely ground and pelleted diets had no macroscopical alterations, whereas all pigs fed finely ground and pelleted diets showed altered tissues). Increasing the proportion of coarse particles in the pellet (from 25 to 29% >2 mm) did not show any ulceroprotective effect. An increase of crude fibre content (42–54 g/kg dm) by adding lignocellulose did not result in a decreased ulcerogenity. Unpelleted diets are recommended as more favourable for alleviating the problem of gastric ulcers in pigs as the pelleting process is equal to a secondary grinding process. According to our results, an upper level of fine particles seems to be reasonable (a minimum level of coarse particles is not ulceroprotective). In this study, an amount of 30% <0.4 mm resulted in higher risks for ulcerations.     

The search for causes of nonhealing or recurrent ulcerative keratitis in horses

Chronic or recurrent superficial ulcerative keratitis in horses is common and the causes of these lesions must always be searched for and identified by the clinician. Without appropriate elimination of the underlying cause, the ulcerative keratitis may not resolve, resulting in corneal scarring, decreased vision and possibly loss of the eye. Common causes of chronic or recurrent superficial ulcerative keratitis, such as infectious keratitis, should always be ruled out; however, other possible causes such as single or multiple distichiasis, should be considered.     

Ulcerative keratitis associated with qualitative tear film abnormalities in cats

Three cats with indolent corneal ulcers and one cat with bilateral corneal sequestration and normal aqueous tear production were found to have rapid tear break-up times (BUTs). Tear BUTs in clinically affected cats averaged 2.5 ± 1.29 s and 2.33 ± 0.58 s for the right and left eyes, respectively. Palpebral conjunctival biopsies were harvested from consistent sites from each eye of affected cats ( n  = 7 affected eyes), and age-and breed-matched controls ( n  = 2 unaffected eyes). Light microscopy revealed a marked decrease to complete absence of conjunctival goblet cells (average goblet cell (GC):epithelial cell (EC) density = 18:50), conjunctival epithelial dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, and neutrophilic and mononuclear cell submucosal infiltration in affected cats. Specimens from the control cats had an average GC:EC density of 34:50, and minimal submucosal inflammatory infiltrate. The corneas ( n  = 7 eyes) healed following surgical keratectomy with ( n  = 2 eyes) or without ( n  = 1 eye) conjunctival pedicle flaps, superficial keratectomy and striate keratotomy with ( n  = 2 eyes) or without ( n  = 2 eyes) third eyelid flaps, and mucinomimetic tear supplementation ( n  = 5 eyes). Goblet cell regeneration was confirmed after 5 months of mucinomimetic supplementation ( n  = 2 eyes). The etiology for these mucin deficiencies remains unknown.     

仔猪遗传性赘生性皮肤病的研究

仔猪在出生后2周龄内在皮肤上出现先天性湿疹,蹄部出现湿疹并溃疡,病灶主要在腹部。2-5周龄死亡率最高。测交试验表明该病由常染色体上的一对隐性基因控制。