Herd and cow-level prevalence of sole ulcers in The Netherlands and associated-risk factors

A cross-sectional study was performed, to (re)evaluate the prevalence of sole ulcers (SUs) and the risk factors involved in dairy herds that perform claw trimming on a routine base. Twenty hoof trimmers collected data on the presence or absence of claw disorders on the hind claws of dairy cows during whole herd trimming in 383 herds in The Netherlands. A questionnaire was used to acquire information on management and housing. Additional data on parity, breed and stage of lactation of the cows were provided by the Dutch Herd Book Organization.

Sole ulcer was present in 85% of the herds and in 5.6% (S.E. 0.2) of the study population (n = 22,454 cows). The within-herd prevalence varied from 0% (14.6% of herds) to 26% (0.3% of herds) and in herds with SU was most frequently diagnosed 1–5% of the trimmed cows (45% of all herds).

The risk for SU increased significantly with increasing parity. Cows that were at or after peak of lactation (>60 days in milk, DIM) had higher odds on SU in comparison to cows that were between 0 and 60 DIM (OR = 0.6).

The presence of other non-infectious claw disorders appeared to predispose to SU. Based on an estimation of the population attributable fraction, it was concluded that if sole hemorrhages, chronic laminitis (CL), white line disease and interdigital hyperplasia were the cause of SU and if those diseases could have been prevented in the study population, 35.4, 5.8, 11.6 and 4.6% of the SU cases respectively could have been prevented. Because of this relation, an effective intervention strategy of SU should focus on an integral approach of reducing the first stages of the bovine laminitis complex, whereas SU and CL are considered to be a later stage.

Cows trimmed during late summer were at a higher risk for SU than cows trimmed in other periods of the year. Finally, cows in herds with purchased heifers were at a higher risk (OR = 1.4) for SU than cows in herds that did not purchase heifers. A comparable positive effect was visible in herds with mattress bedding.     

埃索美拉唑与奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗十二指肠球部溃疡的愈合率及Hp根除率比较

目的:观察埃索美拉唑、奥美拉唑三联疗法两周治疗十二指肠球部溃疡的愈合率及Hp根除率比较。方法:幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性的十二肠球部溃疡A1期患者113例随机分为两组:埃索美拉唑组57例,奥美拉唑组56例。两组均先给予三联治疗(埃索美拉唑20mg或奥美拉唑20mg 阿莫西林lg 克拉霉素500mg,2次/d),连续7d,然后分别单独给予埃索美拉唑20mg(1次/d)或奥美拉唑20mg(1次/d)7d,停药后4～6周复查内镜并检测Hp,观察溃疡的愈合情况及Hp根除率。结果:埃索美拉唑组d1和d2腹痛缓解率分别为35.1%和61.4%,高于奥美拉唑组的16.1%和37.5%(P<0.05)。埃索美拉唑组和奥美拉唑组2周溃疡愈合率分别为93.0%和80.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hp根除率分别为89.5%和80.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:埃索美拉唑三联疗法2周治疗十二指肠球部溃疡在缓解腹痛及溃疡愈合率均优于奥美拉唑。     

半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病病原研究

为了对半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的病原进行研究, 从患有严重皮肤溃疡病的半滑舌鳎病灶中分离病原菌, 并经人工感染确认病原。对引起此次疾病的病原菌的形态特征、理化特性、胞外产物酶活性与溶血活性及其对抗菌类药物的敏感性等生物学特性进行了研究和分析, 还测定了16 S rRNA、gyrB基因序列, 分析了相应序列的同源性并构建了系统发育树。结果从病灶中分离得到4株优势菌, 经人工注射感染证实菌株A3为引起养殖半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的病原菌, 其半数致死量LD50为1.5×104.2 CFU/mL。其中, 16 S rRNA、gyrB在GenBank中的登录号分别是JN391271、JN168881。从基于16 S rRNA与gyrB基因序列构建的系统发育树看, 分离筛选出来的病原菌与哈维氏弧菌同源性最高, 结合生理生化特征和16 S rRNA、gyrB基因序列分析结果, 认为该病原菌为哈维氏弧菌。胞外产物酶活性及溶血活性检测结果表明,该病原菌具有淀粉酶、尿素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶和卵磷脂酶活性而不具有明胶酶活性, 在4%羊血TSA平板上呈β溶血活性。病原菌的药物敏感性试验结果显示, 该菌对四环素、强力霉素、诺氟沙星、磺胺异恶唑等敏感, 而对其他用于试验的抗生素敏感度低或具有一定的抗性。     

大西洋鲑杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从皮肤溃烂的大西洋鲑(Salmon salar)肌肉、肝、肾分离到一致病性的菌株(AB080226),经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌,研究了该菌的形态、生理生化特征并对其16SrDNA序列进行了在线Classifer和Blast分析。结果显示:该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,葡萄糖氧化发酵阳性,氧化酶检测阳性,0%NaCl生长;能利用甘露醇,不具运动性,能发酵麦芽糖,葡萄糖产酸阳性,精氨酸双水解酶阳性,苯丙氨酸脱氨酶阴性;该菌属于气单胞菌属的细菌,在系统发育树上与杀鲑气单胞菌形成一个簇群,同源性高达99.9%以上。综合形态学、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列鉴定其为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。     

Bacteroides sp. as a cause of anaerobic keratitis in a pony

This Case Report describes anaerobic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea in a pony. A 13‐year‐old pony was admitted for evaluation following suspected ocular trauma. Bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis were diagnosed based on clinical appearance of the eye and cytological evaluation of a corneal scraping. The pony responded poorly to topical therapy, and enucleation was performed. Culture of the corneal scraping yielded Corynebacterium sp. and Bacteroides sp. Anaerobic keratitis and conjunctivitis is uncommonly reported in horses, but should be suspected when there is a history of ocular trauma or skin disease, or when a malodorous ocular discharge is identified.