哈维氏弧菌引起的条纹海马表皮溃疡综合征的研究

近年来,条纹海马的养殖在我国发展迅速,但由于多种养殖疾病的频繁暴发,严重制约了条纹海马养殖业的健康发展。自2017年以来,我国北方地区在条纹海马的养殖过程中,多次发生表皮溃疡综合征,患病海马游泳能力减弱,皮肤大面积溃疡,同时伴随烂尾症状,解剖后发现其肠道发白,肝脏及鳃颜色暗淡,死亡率较高,给海马养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。本研究从患病条纹海马的溃烂肌肉及肠道中分离出13株优势菌株,经回归感染实验证实菌株HDM-2可引起条纹海马出现表皮溃疡综合征的类似症状,且半数致死量(LD_(50))约为2.89×10~8 CFU/mL。为确定菌株HDM-2的分类地位,采用生理生化及基于16S rDNA的分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定,结果显示,HDM-2为哈维氏弧菌;为了解菌株HDM-2的菌体特征,采用透射电镜(TEM)对菌株HDM-2进行观察,结果显示,HDM-2为周生鞭毛,有荚膜,大小约2.20μm×4.75μm;为获知HDM-2的抗生素敏感性,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,结果显示,菌株HDM-2对氟苯尼考和头孢他啶等较敏感;患病条纹海马的组织病理学研究表明,菌株HDM-2对条纹海马的皮肤、肝脏以及鳃组织损伤较严重。本文可为条纹海马表皮溃疡综合征的防治及深入研究提供基础资料。     

Successful treatment of distichiasis in a cat using transconjunctival electrocautery

A 2-year-old male castrated Domestic Short-haired cat presented to the Ophthalmology Service at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania for evaluation of chronic bilateral ocular discharge and blepharospasm. Initial ophthalmic examination revealed severe conjunctivitis and keratitis and the presence of upper eyelid distichiae bilaterally. Initial therapy for suspected feline herpesviral infection provided moderate, but not complete, resolution of the clinical signs. Over the subsequent year, the cat suffered from recurrent, severe, ulcerative keratitis in both eyes despite appropriate medical therapy. Approximately 13 months after the initial presentation, the distichiae were surgically removed using transconjunctival electrocautery, which resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs. This report documents bilateral distichiasis in a cat, a condition that is considered rare in this species.     

Characterization of progressive keratitis in Otariids

Objective To characterize a form of progressive keratitis that occurs commonly in otariids. Materials and methods One hundred and thirteen captive otariids were evaluated by ophthalmologic examination and digital photography. Results Forty‐six females and 67 males were in the reference population, average age of 14 years. California sea lions predominated (n = 100); there were also six Steller sea lions, five brown fur seals, one Guadalupe fur seal and one northern fur seal. Three stages of progressive keratitis are described. Overall, 64.6% animals and 142 eyes from 113 animals (62.8%) were affected with one of three stages. The mildest form, Stage 1 keratitis, occurred in 78 of 226 eyes (34.5%); the intermediate Stage 2 keratitis occurred in 30 of 226 eyes (13.3%); and the most severe, Stage 3 keratitis, occurred in 34 of 226 eyes (15%). All but six animals had bilateral disease. Animals with Stage 1 keratitis were significantly younger than those in more advanced stages. Discussion ‘Otariid Keratitis’ occurs in all populations of eared seals evaluated. A large‐scale epidemiological study is ongoing to identify the risk factors that contribute to this disease. Exposure to chronic sunlight appears to be an important risk factor as shade diminishes clinical signs; animals kept out of sunlight the majority of the time have less severe clinical signs. Age may be important since exposure accumulates with aging. Progression of the disease is also associated with secondary opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. The surface immune system may be imbalanced contributing to these infections and progression.     

Phenylbutazone induces equine glandular gastric disease without decreasing prostaglandin E2 concentrations

In equids, phenylbutazone at high doses induces gastric disease, primarily in the glandular portion of the stomach. However, the mechanism of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced gastric disease in horses has yet to be determined. While phenylbutazone‐associated ulceration is often attributed to a decrease in basal gastric prostaglandins, this has not been demonstrated in the horse. Twelve horses were randomly assigned to treatment (n  = 6; 4.4 mg/kg phenylbutazone PO in 20 ml molasses q 12 hr for 7 days) or placebo (n  = 6; 20 ml molasses PO q 12 hr for 7 days) groups. Before treatment and 3 and 7 days after initiation of treatment, gastroscopy was performed and glandular gastric biopsies were collected and frozen at ?80°C. Glandular disease was assessed on a scale of 0–4. Prostaglandin E₂ concentrations in biopsies were measured using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All phenylbutazone‐treated horses developed grade ≥2 glandular disease. Prostaglandin concentrations increased over time (p  = .0017), but there was no effect of treatment (p  = .49). These findings indicate that despite induction of glandular disease grade ≥2, phenylbutazone did not decrease basal glandular gastric prostaglandin E₂ concentration.     

The Effects of Peptide-Precipitating Lignosulphonic Acids on the Proteolytic Activity of Pepsin in Vitro and on the Response of Pigs to an Ulcer Inducing Diet

The inhibitory effect of peptide-precipitating lignosulphonic acids on the proteolytic activity of pepsin in vitro has been studied. When an unfractionated lignosulphonic acid preparation was used, total inhibition of the activity of 5 µg crystalline pepsin was obtained by addition of about 15 mg of lignosulphonic acids.The greatest inhibitory effect was seen with the high-molecular weight lignosulphonic acids, but an effect was also seen with middle-and low-molecular weight lignosulphonic acids.A reduction in the inhibitory effect was seen when the experiments were performed in the presence of arginine. The inhibition mechanism is discussed in relation to the peptide-precipitating ability of the lignosulphonic acids.No obvious protection against the appearance of stomach ulcers in four pigs receiving an ulcerogenic diet was seen.     

一例乌苏里拟鲿体表溃疡症的病理学诊断

为了确定乌苏里拟鲿（Pseudobagrus ussuriensis）体表溃疡症的病因,在无菌操作下从发病鱼的溃疡灶边缘、脾、肾中分离病原菌;利用湿片法对鳃组织、体表黏液和肠道内容物压片,观察寄生虫寄生;利用病理学技术观察病鱼的病理损伤特点,分析病因。结果发现,采用BHI培养基作为该病例的首次分离培养基效果不佳,未见细菌生长。该病损伤的主要靶器官为皮肤肌肉、脾脏、头肾和体肾,所有鱼均主要表现为溃疡性坏死性皮炎和脂膜炎,脾炎和间质性肾炎。还可见轻微的灶性坏死性鳃炎。眼、脑、肝脏、心脏、消化道、鳔等未见明显病理改变。将病变组织的石蜡切片进行吉姆萨染色,在肌肉组织内可发现大量细长、可弯曲,犹如"乱发样"细菌。此外,在病灶内还可见少量真菌菌丝。综上结果,判定该病为细菌和真菌共同感染引起。证明了病理学技术在该病诊断中的重要作用。 

     

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF GASTRIC ULCERATION IN THE DOG

The clinical, ultrasonographic and, when available, histopathologic findings of gastric ulceration in 7 dogs were reviewed. The most common clinical signs were vomiting, hematemesis, melena, weight loss and anemia. Ultrasonographic features of gastric ulcer included local thickening of the gastric wall, possible loss of the 5-layer structure, the presence of a wall defect or "crater", fluid accumulation in the stomach and diminished gastric motility.The localized gastric thickening varied from 9 to 16 mm. The ulcer crater was often located in the center of the thickened site and appeared as a mucosal defect associated with persistent accumulation of small echoes, most likely representing microbubbles. In this preliminary study, there was no definitive ultrasonographic distinction between benign and malignant ulcers.