东海蓝圆鲹的摄食习性

以2008年5月至2009年2月东海灯光围网采集到的叉长范围为52～276 mm的444尾蓝圆鲹为对象,对其胃含物进行分析,应用K-W非参数检验、卡方检验、聚类分析等方法,对不同季节和发育阶段条件下蓝圆鲹的食性进行了研究。结果表明,蓝圆鲹的摄食种类有80余种,浮游甲壳类(主要包括浮游甲壳类幼体、磷虾和桡足类等)和小型鱼类为其主要食物类群。若按相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)排序,优势饵料种类最高的是七星底灯鱼(IRI%为40.44%),其次是口虾蛄Alima幼体(IRI%为14.24%)、太平洋磷虾(IRI%为11.26%)等。统计分析检验表明,蓝圆鲹的空胃率和平均胃饱满系数有显著的季节变化和叉长变化(P<0.01),摄食强度春季最高,秋季和夏季相对较高,而冬季最低;叉长50～99 mm和200～299mm的蓝圆鲹的摄食强度较高,其余叉长的强度相对较低。食物组成也随季节和发育阶段的不同而有所变化,在春季主要以七星底灯鱼和口虾蛄Alima幼体为食,夏季主要以甲壳类幼体为食,秋季主要以七星底灯鱼和太平洋磷虾为主食,冬季食物匮乏,小型桡足类丽隆剑水蚤和糠虾类占其食物组成的很大比例。聚类分析的结果表明,蓝圆鲹叉长200 mm是其摄食取向的拐点,小于这个叉长的蓝圆鲹以浮游甲壳类为主,大于这个叉长的以捕食小型鱼类为主,随着叉长的增大,蓝圆鲹更多的以游泳动物为食。根据蓝圆鲹摄食饵料的类群变化,东海蓝圆鲹的营养级为3.55,属于浮游动物和游泳动物混合食性的肉食性鱼类。     

东海和黄海南部七星底灯鱼摄食习性的研究

根据2008年5月至2009年2月东海和黄海南部4个航次大面调查所获得的七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)胃含物样本,对其食物组成、摄食强度、食物多样性程度及营养级进行了研究.结果表明,东海和黄海南部七星底灯鱼属浮游动物食性,桡足类是其最主要的食物类群,其％ IRI值、质量百分比和个数百分比分别为75...     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile snakehead,Ophiocephalus argus

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal, poultry by‐product meal, meat and bone meal, spray‐dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were determined for juvenile snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) with initial mean body weight of 78.1 g. A reference diet and test diets that consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of the reference diet to test ingredient were used with 5 g kg^?1 Cr₂O₃ as an external indicator. Fish meal, poultry by‐product meal and corn gluten meal had higher ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy among ingredients tested. Dry matter ADCs ranged 61.9–81.5% for animal ingredients and corn gluten meal and ranged 52.2–68.0% for soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Energy ADCs of ingredients followed similar trends to differences in dry matter digestibility. Protein ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 73.6–92.8% and 75.3–85.6%, respectively. Amino acid ADCs generally reflected protein digestibility. Lipid ADCs were relatively high for the ingredients tested. Phosphorus ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 39.5–65.2% and 38.7–57.1%, respectively.     

柘林湾海洋牧场不同功能区食物网结构

海洋牧场是由多个功能区组成的生态系统工程,不同功能区的生态环境和食物网结构各不相同,通过研究不同功能区食物网结构有助于了解功能区之间生态系统差异。实验通过对南澳柘林湾海洋牧场渔业资源环境调查,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术对海洋牧场不同功能区食物网结构进行比较,并借助SIBER对稳定同位素数据进行分析。结果显示,海洋牧场调查共采获生物种类78种,其中,消费者的δ~(13)C比值介于–19.94‰~–13.62‰,δ~(15)N比值介于8.78‰~15.29‰,营养级范围介于1.73~3.64。不同功能区同位素数据对比表明,人工鱼礁区生物资源相对丰富,食物网结构较为复杂;海藻增殖区中生物生态位分布最广,营养冗余程度较高;贝类增殖区生物生态位较窄,营养级分布较为集中。在不同功能区生态系统稳定性对比中,人工鱼礁区生态系统稳定性最佳,海藻增殖区生态系统稳定性较差。     

Trophic relationships and ecosystem characteristics in a newly-impounded man-made lake in Thailand

Abstract  The trophic dynamics of a newly-impounded south east Asian reservoir, Pasak Jolasid, Thailand, monitored from its creation, were constructed using ecopath , a mass-balanced model. The trophic levels (TLs) of 36 ecological groups varied between 1.0 and 3.2. The majority of fish biomass was at the second TL, where the fishery is concentrated. Some food resources (benthic organisms and zooplankton) were not fully used, whereas phytoplankton and benthic algae were important components of the food web, which is based on phytoplankton and detritus. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of ecological maturity of the ecosystem and possible fishery management of this multi-purpose reservoir.     

大果沙棘籽和油的理化成分研究

本文对采于新疆青河的大果沙棘籽进行了理化指标的分析研究。结果表明：大果沙棘籽在粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量上优于中国沙棘,在脂肪酸组成、维生素E含量上与中国沙棘无明显区别。该结果为大果沙棘籽的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

Allometric and ontogenetic patterns related to feeding of a neotropical fish, Satanoperca pappaterra (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

Abstract –  This study aims to analyse whether Satanoperca pappaterra changes its feeding habit throughout ontogenetic development, and whether morphological ontogenetic patterns are related to its feeding habit and food capture. We collected 258 individuals in the Cuiabá river basin (Brazil) for analyses. There was a weak relationship between diet and body size, as evidenced by size class and multivariate analyses, and niche breadth did not vary strongly during ontogenetic development. Eight morphometric variables were measured in each individual. We found an isometric relationship for mouth height and width, and for head length. We found positive allometry for snout length and body height in relation to body length, whereas this relationship for intestine length and eye diameter showed negative allometry. These results suggest that morphology and consequently diet vary weakly during ontogenetic development of S. pappaterra .     

Volatile Flavor Components and the Body Weights of Rats in the Green Tea Added Miner Ingredients

In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley （miner ingredient） was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medicinal herb （MH,miner ingredient）.This study was performed to investigate the effect of drinking extracts of naked barley-MH-green tea （A group） and adlay-Angelica gigas Nakai-green tea （B group） on the body weights of rats,and volatile flavor components of best effective extract on weight reduction.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups were fed five different green tea extracts for 8 weeks.The result obtained in the experiment indicated that the change of body weights of rats was affected by A group,B group and others.A group showed highest reduction rate of body weights （36.40％）.Reduction rate of body weights on the B group （10.10％） was much lower than A group （36.40％）.Aroma compounds were extracted by the SDE method.The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS.The main aroma components of the green tea blended with naked barley and MH were 12 pyrazines having roasty note,methyl butanals having sweet note,hexanal having briskness greenish note,and nerolidol and3-ionone having floral note.     

规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究

随着我国规模化养殖业的快速发展,畜禽粪中重金属、兽药残留、盐分及有害菌等有害污染物的增加,构成影响农田土壤健康功能的限制因素,甚至带来生态环境风险。对我国7个省、市、自治区的典型规模化养殖畜禽粪的主要化学组成进行了测定。结果表明,规模化养殖畜禽粪中富含有机质、氮、磷、钾及钙、镁、铁、钠、锰、钴等矿质元素;砷、铜、锌、铬等重金属及盐分含量较高,55个猪粪、鸡粪样中,Cu、Zn、Cr、As含量变幅分别为10.7～1591mg/kg、71.3～8710.mg/kg、0～688.mg/kg、0.01～65.4.mg/kg。同时多有四环素类抗生素残留,32个猪粪样中,土霉素、四环素、金霉素平均含量分别为9.09.mg/kg、5.22.mg/kg、3.57.mg/kg;23个鸡粪样中,土霉素、四环素、金霉素平均含量分别为5.97.mg/kg2、.63.mg/kg1、.39.mg/kg。因此,规模化养殖畜禽粪对农田施用后存在潜在危害性,规模化养殖畜禽粪必须进行无害化处理,才能资源化利用。     

太岁的研究进展

太岁是一种多菌类复合体,其生物活性成分在抗癌、抗菌、细胞毒性及生理调控等方面具有重要功能.由于生物技术限制,目前对不同太岁样品的生物活性成分及菌群结构只做了初步分析,通过多种方式分离鉴定太岁菌种构成,对做好太岁的资源化利用具有重要的意义,现在距规模化开发利用太岁还有许多开创性的工作要做.通过综述太岁的微生物组成、药用价值、生物活性成分及其在微生态制剂方面的应用,对太岁应用前景进行展望,以期为太岁的进一步研究与利用提供借鉴法.