海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长的影响

为了解海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长的影响,采用叶面喷施方式,研究了不同浓度海藻糖对0.6%NaCl溶液胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在0.6%NaCl胁迫下,甜瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重、叶面积和壮苗指数均显著下降;利用不同浓度海藻糖处理后,盐胁迫下的甜瓜幼苗各项形态指标得到改善,其中以0.4%浓度的海藻糖处理最好。海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下甜瓜幼苗各项生理生化指标也起到了缓解作用。与0.6%NaCl胁迫相比,利用不同浓度海藻糖处理后的根系活力与可溶性糖含量得到提高,而叶片MDA含量和细胞膜相对透性降低。各种海藻糖处理中,以0.3%、0.4%海藻糖处理效果最好,有效地缓解了甜瓜盐害。     

常规动物用活疫苗冻干保护剂的改良初探

目前国内动物用活疫苗仍然以5%蔗糖脱脂奶作为冻干保护剂,其冻干外型稳定,易溶性良好,成本低廉,但其耐热性能差,对病毒的保护作用较差。本试验以鸡新城疫Lasota冻干活疫苗为例,分别以不同浓度的海藻糖取代蔗糖,进行冻干保护性试验,结果表明海藻糖在2%以上时,对病毒的保护效果明显优于5%蔗糖脱脂奶组,证明其具有很好的应用前景。     

Developmental competence of in vitro matured ovine oocytes vitrified in solutions with different concentrations of trehalose

This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of trehalose in solutions used for vitrification of in vitro matured (IVM) ovine oocytes. IVM oocytes were randomly divided into four experimental (vitrified) and one control (fresh) groups. Experimental groups were treated with different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 M) of trehalose. After warming, some viable oocytes were exposed to 0.25% pronase to test zona pellucida hardening, whereas the others were fertilized and cultured in vitro for 8 days to evaluate their developmental competence. Blastocysts quality was assessed by differential staining and TUNEL test. Survival and developmental rates of oocytes vitrified in the presence of 0.5 M trehalose were significantly higher than those of the other vitrified groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between fresh and vitrified groups in total blastocyst rate. Analysis of blastocysts quality also revealed a significant difference between the group treated with 0.5 M trehalose and other groups in terms of apoptotic index. Furthermore,zona pellucida digestion time period was longer in trehalose‐free (0.0 M) group compared to other groups. In conclusion, we found that IVM ovine oocytes vitrified in solutions containing 0.5 M trehalose are fertilization‐competent and are able to produce good‐quality blastocysts with an apoptotic index comparable to that of the fresh oocytes. Therefore, 0.5 M may be considered the optimum concentration of trehalose to be used in solutions prepared for vitrification of oocytes.     

海藻糖产生菌株发酵培养基的优化

从土壤中分离得到1株海藻糖产量较高的酵母菌株,对其进行最佳发酵培养基的研究。在预试验和分析资料的基础上,通过4因素二次旋转正交组合试验设计,得出海藻糖产量回归模型,拟合较好。结果表明,蔗糖为2.61%,牛肉膏为0.53%,酵母膏为0.53%,MgSO4·7H2O为0.03%时,海藻糖的产量在24h达到最大值,产糖量为3098.6μg/mL,较优化前提高了0.71倍。     

海藻糖对人脑型肌酸激酶热变性的保护作用

肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)是研究蛋白质折叠和稳定性的一个理想的模型蛋白。热失活研究结果显示海藻糖能有效防止人脑型肌酸激酶(human brain-type creatine kinase,hBBCK)的热失活和热变性。1.0mol/L海藻糖使hBBCK热失活的半失活温度(T_m)升高4.6℃,活化能由原来的29.7 kJ/mol升高到41.1 kJ/mol。内源荧光光谱研究结果显示在海藻糖浓度分别为0、0.6、0.8和1.2mol/L时,hBBCK热变性的表观转变温度(T_1/2)相应的从43.0℃上升到46.5、47.7和49.9℃。内源荧光和ANS外源荧光光谱研究结果表明海藻糖的疏水作用可能对hBBCK的热稳定性起了重要作用。hBBCK复性动力学试验结果表明海藻糖能有效抑制hBBCK复性过程中聚集体的形成。     

微波辅助提取酿酒酵母胞内海藻糖的优化技术研究

建立了微波破碎酿酒酵母细胞和三氯乙酸冰浴浸提海藻糖的工艺。探索了离子色谱分析技术条件。采用响应曲面法(RSM),研究了液料比r,微波时间T1,微波次数F,浸提时间T2和离心转速R等5个试验关键因子对海藻糖提取的影响规律,并构建了动态控制的数学模型,得到了提取海藻糖的最优工艺参数依次为:r为20∶1,T1为15s,F为8次,T2为40min,R为2694r/min。结果表明,模型极显著,具有可行性和有效性,微波时间、微波次数、浸提时间对海藻糖提取率的影响最大,为生产中的应用提供了科学依据。     

家蚕微粒子虫(Nosema bombycis)感染家蚕的病理学研究

Nosema bombycis感染家蚕后 ,家蚕中肠海藻糖酶活性显著下降 ,大量裂殖体的形成是其下降的重要原因 .血淋巴总糖和海藻糖等与能量代谢密切相关物质的含量也明显下降 .感染后血淋巴海藻糖酶活性略有上升 ,但对血糖总量无明显影响 .血淋巴蛋白质含量的下降要滞后于与能量代谢有关的物质 ,其中贮存蛋白量的下降明显高于 30 K蛋白     

New Glycosylated Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacteria

Three new glycosylated secondary metabolites, including a new indole alkaloid, pityriacitrin D (1), and two new trehalose lipids (2 and 3), together with three known compounds (4–6) were isolated from two marine-derived bacterial strains, Bacillus siamensis 168CLC-66.1 and Tsukamurella pseudospumae IV19-045. The structures of 1–3 were determined by extensive analysis and comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. The absolute configurations of sugar moieties were determined by chemical derivatization followed by LC-MS analysis. Cytotoxicity of 1–3 against six cancer cell lines was evaluated by SRB assay, and 1 showed moderate activity against all the tested cell lines with GI₅₀ values ranging from 8.0 to 10.9 µM.     

海藻酸钙固定麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶的研究

研究了一种用海藻酸钙包埋麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶(maltooligosyltrehalosetrehalohydrolase,MTHase)的固定化新技术,比较了原酶与固定化酶的最适反应温度、最适反应pH值和热稳定性。结果显示:固定化酶的最适反应温度和稳定温度都由原酶的60℃提高到65℃;固定化酶的最适反应pH值较原酶的5.5降低到5.0。表明MTHase的固定化能有效地提高它的耐热性及耐酸性。这对在未来的海藻糖工业生产中,降低微生物的污染和增加淀粉的溶解度,在更高的反应温度条件下进行海藻糖的合成,提供了一个新思路。     

菜薹镉低积累“油蔬两用”油菜品种筛选及海藻糖对其镉积累和品质的影响

为完善镉(Cd)污染农田“油蔬两用”油菜安全生产栽培调控技术,本试验以22个甘蓝型“油蔬两用”油菜品种为材料,采用盆栽试验,根据Cd积累量和地上部干质量差异,筛选Cd低积累油菜品种。并进一步研究外源海藻糖喷施时期(苗期、薹期、苗期+薹期)和浓度(10、20、40、80 mmol·L^-1)对Cd低积累品种油菜生长发育、薹Cd积累及品质的影响。结果表明：Cd胁迫下22个油菜品种各部位Cd积累量和地上部干质量差异显著,其中安农油1号(ANY-1)和同油杂2号(TYZ-2)具有高生物量和低Cd积累的特性,较适宜油蔬两用种植。与对照(CK)相比,Cd处理导致油菜生长受阻,菜薹产量及品质下降。外源喷施10～40 mmol·L^-1海藻糖可不同程度缓解Cd对油菜的毒害作用,降低菜薹Cd积累,提高菜薹产量和品质,其中苗期喷施20 mmol·L^-1海藻糖为最佳喷施时期和浓度。苗期喷施20 mmol·L^-1海藻糖缓解了2个油菜品种Cd毒害,叶绿素含量(SPAD)、地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、根颈粗较不喷施海藻糖处理相比分别显...