海藻糖对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

本研究以玉米品种“郑单958”为材料,采用水培试验,探究了外源施加海藻糖对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质等生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,与对照处理比较,150 mmol/L的盐胁迫显著降低了玉米幼苗地上部干鲜重、叶面积及叶绿素含量,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)及可溶性蛋白含量增加、质膜相对透性增大,抗氧化酶活性下降。与盐胁迫处理比较,施加10 mmol/L的海藻糖处理显著增加了盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的生物量和叶绿素含量,降低了MDA含量、Pro含量及质膜相对透性,提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,促进了可溶性蛋白含量的积累。上述结果表明外源施加海藻糖对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长具有一定的缓解作用,从而增强玉米幼苗对盐胁迫的抗性。     

虫生广布拟盘多毛孢侵染对松突圆蚧海藻糖酶 活性、海藻糖、葡萄糖和蛋白质含量的影响

[目的]探究虫生广布拟盘多毛孢对松突圆蚧营养物质代谢的影响,为深入研究广布拟盘多毛孢致死松突圆蚧机理及开发利用广布拟盘多毛孢防治松突圆蚧提供科学依据.[方法]以虫生广布拟盘多毛孢GXSTYJ03菌株制得浓度为1×107个孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液感染松突圆蚧,以喷洒无菌吐温-80为对照,逐日测定松突圆蚧体内海藻糖、葡萄糖、蛋白质含量及海藻糖酶活性,连续测定8 d.[结果]处理组松突圆蚧海藻糖含量在各时间点均低于对照组,且随处理时间延长呈明显的下降趋势,在染菌3 d后显著低于对照组(P<0.05,下同);海藻糖酶活性在各时间点均高于对照组,在染菌后第3 d显著高于对照组,5 d后也一直显著高于对照组;葡萄糖含量在染菌后1~3 d迅速升高,第3 d时升至最大值(3.1479 mmol/L),随后逐渐降低,在第4~6 d时与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),6 d后显著低于对照组;蛋白质含量在各时间点均低于对照组,且在染菌2 d后一直显著或极显著(P<0.01)低于对照组.[结论]虫生广布拟盘多毛孢GXSTYJ03菌株侵染松突圆蚧过程中引起松突圆蚧体内海藻糖、葡萄糖和蛋白质含量一定程度降低,是致死松突圆蚧的原因之一.     

Foliar-applied trehalose modulates growth,mineral nutrition,photosynthetic ability,and oxidative defense system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline stress

A tub experiment was conducted to assess the effect of exogenously applied trehalose (0, 10, and 20 mM) on various attributes of two rice cultivars (Bas-385 and Bas-2000) under salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM). Salinity decreased growth, gas exchange characteristics, shoot and root potassium (K⁺) ions, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), total soluble proteins, activity of catalase (CAT), and yield attributes, while it increased chlorophyll contents, shoot and root sodium (Na⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycinebetain (GB), free proline, and peroxidase (POD) activity. Foliar-applied trehalose improved growth attributes, net photosynthetic rate, GB, total soluble proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and yield. Yield was not obtained at 150 mM salt stress. The rice cultivar Bas-2000 showed better performance with respect to gas exchange attributes and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Overall, varying levels of foliar-applied trehalose proved to be effective in ameliorating adverse effects of salt stress on rice.     

基因枪介导甘蔗遗传转化研究初报

将从灰树花（Grifola frondosa）中分离克隆到的海藻糖合酶cDNA以正向插入植物表达载体pBI121/BamHI Sst1位点，获得一植物表达载体pBT；又用Ubi-L启动子插入植物表达载体pBI121/HindⅢ＋Xbal位点，获得重组质粒pUB,再把海藻糖合酶cDNA正向插入pUB/BanHI SstI位点，获得另一植物表达载体pUBT。然后通过基因枪法分别用植物表达载体pBT和pUBT转化甘蔗。再生植株的点杂交和PCR－Southern杂交表明海藻糖合酶基因已整合进甘蔗的基因组中。     

Effect of trehalose on the gel-forming ability,state of water and myofibril denaturation of horse mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachurus japonicus</Emphasis> surimi during frozen storage

The cryoprotective effects of trehalose on fish myofibrillar protein were compared with those of sucrose, glucose and sorbitol. The frozen surimi with trehalose exhibited significantly higher Ca²⁺-ATPase activity through-out the storage periods, resulting in higher gel-forming ability than that of without trehalose. The amount of unfrozen water was significantly increased in the surimi upon addition of trehalose at any concentrations tested. The findings suggest that trehalose constructed bound water molecules in protein structure, consequently suppressed freeze-induced denaturation of protein and maintained gel-forming ability. An addition of 5.0% to 7.5% concentration of trehalose showed threshold behavior to increase the amount of unfrozen water and to prevent freeze-induced denaturation of protein. The effects of trehalose were almost similar to those of other sugars.     

刺芹侧耳发育过程中海藻糖含量及影响因子

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)基质菌丝及其生长发育过程中海藻糖含量,总结其变化规律以及温度对海藻糖含量的影响。结果表明:未接种时培养料中海藻糖含量极低,为0.0094%,带料菌丝检测结果为:菌丝体阶段,海藻糖的含量均低于0.12%,随着培养天数的增加,海藻糖的含量逐渐升高;转为生殖生长以后继续升高,在原基形成时达到峰值,含量为0.14%,进入生殖生长迅速下降;菇蕾期后海藻糖含量基本保持稳定,直至采收结束,海藻糖的含量再次降低至0.05%。不同培养温度下,带料菌丝中海藻糖的含量随温度的升高逐渐增大,但温度过高时,菌丝死亡,海藻糖含量急剧下降至0.0091%。     

海藻糖对阪崎肠杆菌温度耐受性的影响研究

[目的]研究在磷酸缓冲液中添加不同浓度海藻糖的条件下阪崎肠杆菌对高温、低温的耐受性,为食品加工过程中控制阪崎肠杆菌污染提供参考。[方法]通过试验观察阪崎肠杆菌在不同温度条件下存活状况来反映其对温度的耐受性。[结果]阪崎肠杆菌在一定的高温条件下,其存活率与海藻糖的浓度成正比。[结论]海藻糖对阪崎肠杆菌有保护作用,随着海藻糖浓度的升高,其保护作用越明显。     

肺形侧耳高温后恢复期间海藻糖代谢途径研究

【目的】探索食用菌对高温胁迫后恢复响应差异的机制,为食用菌的高温育种研究提供理论基础。【方法】以肺形侧耳热敏感型菌株CCMSSC 00494和耐热型菌株CCMSSC 00499为材料,通过测定高温胁迫后恢复培养期间菌丝体内海藻糖代谢相关酶活性和基因相对表达量的变化,研究海藻糖代谢途径的应激响应。【结果】高温胁迫后恢复培养期间,两株肺形侧耳菌株海藻糖含量迅速降至对照水平,CCMSSC 00494中海藻糖含量降低速率高于CCMSSC 00499。CCMSSC 00494中海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶（TPS）活性随着处理时间的延长增加,而CCMSSC 00499中的TPS活性缓慢下降。两菌株中合成海藻糖反应方向海藻糖磷酸化酶（TP）活性急剧下降。降解海藻糖反应方向TP活性和中性海藻糖酶（NTH）活性分别在恢复前期和后期被激活,参与海藻糖水解。tps和tp基因的表达量变化与各自酶活性变化一致,但nth基因的高效表达与其在恢复初期的NTH活性下降不一致。【结论】高温胁迫后恢复培养期间,热敏感型菌株中TPS活性和tps基因表达量显著高于耐热型菌株,是两者海藻糖代谢途径中的最主要差异。     

菜粉蝶滞育期的糖类代谢

菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae L.)蛹滞育期间体内糖原减少,同时伴以海藻糖和山梨醇的积累,滞育终止后发生相反变化。这说明滞育期间存在糖原与海藻糖、山梨醇之间的相互转化。滞育开始后,海藻糖迅速上升,其起始浓度与随后的积累与温度无关,故海藻糖的大量出现可作为菜粉蝶滞有开始的生化指标。山梨醇的产生较晚,实验结果表明,山梨醇的产生过程是一种时间进程,但其积累与温度密切相关.出间越冬蛹血淋巴糖类具有类似的变化趋势,可以认为菜粉蝶以海藻糖和山梨醇作为防寒剂,以抵抗冬季严寒低温.非滞育蛹体内不积累海藻糖和山梨醇,即使对其进行长期的低温处理,也得相同结果.