Effect of Different Treatment Rapeseeds on Activity of Cellulose Enzyme in Sheep

The purpose of the experiment is to research the effect of different rapeseed treatments feeding on activity of cellulose enzyme in sheep. Eight male adults of semi-fine wool sheep breeds with the same weight and permanent rumen cannulas were selected according to 4×4 Latin square design to determine the effect of different rapeseed treatment groups including crushed rapeseed, whole rapeseed, extruded rapeseed (dietary lipid content of =67 g · kg-1 ) and control group (dietary lipid content of =30 g · kg-1 ) on activity dynamic variation of ruminal celluolytic enzyme in sheep. The results showed that ruminal fluid pH matched up to the condition of fiber degradation and growth of cellulolytic bacterium when fed four diets; but there was significant difference (P0.05) for the activity of microcrystalline cellulose, glucanase, salicin enzyme involved in ruminal fiber degradation after fed 2, 4, 6 h.     

不同施氮对冬青稞幼苗光合色素·生物量及产量的影响

[目的]探讨不同施氮对冬青稞幼苗光合色素、生物量及产量的影响,为西藏河谷农业区青稞苗期抗旱及壮苗培育提供依据。[方法]以冬青稞果洛为材料,测定了不同施氮（0、90、180和360 kg/hm2,以纯氮用量计）处理下其幼苗期的光合色素含量、生物量和产量,研究了其氮素调控效应。[结果]在测定期间,叶片叶绿素（Chl）、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）含量呈先降低后上升趋势,类胡萝卜素（Car）含量和生物量呈逐渐增加趋势;叶绿素a/b呈先上升后降低趋势。氮肥对叶片的光合色素、生物量和产量有一定的调控效应,3月14日Car含量随施氮量的增加而减少,而Chl、Chla、Chlb规律不明显;3月14日以后Chl、Chla、Chlb、Car含量和生物量（含3月14日）以及籽粒单产和千粒重均随施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,并均以180 kg/hm2氮处理最大。[结论]在冬春干旱的林芝地区,适宜的施氮量（180 kg/hm2）改善了青稞的光合色素性状,提高了清除活性氧的能力,从而有助于培育壮苗和籽粒产量的提高。     

园林树木衰退原因及其保健措施

对安徽主要城市园林树木生长衰退与环境条件的关系进行了调查,结果表明:引起园林树木衰退的主要原因有土壤透气性能差,土壤污染,土壤质地不良,根系深埋或根系裸露,机械伤害,病虫危害,树龄过大,空气污染等;提出了园林树木的保健措施。     

"920"处理对水稻eA系种子耐贮藏性研究

用不同尝试的“920”对含euil基因的水稻长穗颈不育系（eA系）与不含该基因的不育系（A系）进行处理,收获种子储藏6个月、9个月和12个月后分别测试发芽率的发芽势。结果表明,无论eA系和A系,其种子储藏时间不超过9个月时,发芽率、发芽势不发生显著变化;储藏时间达1a(12个月）时,个别浓度处理间或材料间开始出现显著差异。但喷施“920”不会eA系种子发芽率和发芽势,个别浓度处理还有提高发芽率和发芽势的趋势。     

剥壳与切头对槟榔种子发芽的影响

研究剥壳和切头对槟榔种子发芽的影响。结果表明,对槟榔种子进行剥壳和切头处理,其芽及根生长与对照的相比差异极显著,芽及根生长均明显比对照的好;其中切头处理的发芽势和发芽率最高,发芽指数和活力指数则以5/13剥壳处理的最高,且5/13剥壳处理的芽长平均值也最大;5/14剥壳处理的根长和根数的平均值均比对照的高。     

Effects of heat treatments and germination on trypsin inhibitor activity and polyphenols in jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L. DC)

The application of dry heat to seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the TI and reducing the polyphenol content. Soaking for 24 h followed by cooking for 20 min, was equally effective in destroying the TI activity. Germination of jack bean seeds for 40 h decreased the levels of TI and polyphenols by 31% and 35%, respectively.     

草本缓冲带优化配置对氮磷的去除效果

利用自行设计的小型试验装置模拟缓冲带,选择东北地区草木犀、白三叶、马唐、夏枯草4种常见植物,通过人工配水模拟农田径流水,采用草种不同栽种方式及草皮与其他生物处理方式相结合的方法,开展缓冲带对污染物的净化效果试验研究。结果表明,在渗流中,草种不同栽种方式和草皮与其他生物处理方式结合的缓冲带,3种混栽方式的NH4+—N、全P的去除效果最高分别为59.80%、56.81%。在径流中,草种不同栽种方式中3种混栽方式的NH4+—N、全P的去除效果最高分别为23.30%、22.30%;草皮与其他生物处理方式结合缓冲带,3种混栽+小沟对全P去除效果最高达27.4%,3种混栽+人工浮床对NH4+—N去除效果最高,达30.1%。在本试验条件下,3种混栽方式对渗流的净化效果较好,而草皮与其他生物处理方式结合的缓冲带对径流有较好的净化效果。     

Effects of heat treatments on trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities in winged bean

The effect of different heat treatments on inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin of winged bean was investigated. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from winged bean meal was stable at 60 °C for 60 min. At 80 °C, the activity of the extracted inhibitor decreased by 25% within 5 min, and continued to decline gradually to a loss of 45% of activity after 30 min. When the extracted inhibitor was incubated at 100 °C, it exhibited a triphasic pattern of inactivation. The winged bean extract incubated at 60 °C lost 60% of its hemaggluinating activity within 30 min. At 80 °C, there was a complete loss of activity within 5 min. The microwave treatment to winged bean meal had no effect on trypsin inhibitor or hemagglutinating activities in the meal. However, infrared treatment to winged bean seeds for 60 seconds was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities. Autoclave treatment (120 °C at 15 lb pressure) for 10 min inactivated trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin in winged bean meal almost completely. Cooking of presoaked beans in boiling water for 30 min was effective in destroying most of the trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinating activities.     

The effect of metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) on ‘Hass’ avocado fruit physiology and mortality of longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus)

Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) is a potential quarantine treatment in which a combination of cycles of rapid decompression and compression are followed by exposure to ethanol vapour under decompression. The response of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill., cv. Hass) to MSDD treatment for control of longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) was investigated. The best treatment for the most resistant life stage (2nd/3rd instars) was 90-min MSDD treatment with 371 mg L⁻¹ ethanol. Early and late season ‘Hass’ avocados were subjected to MSDD treatments (with 371 mg L⁻¹ ethanol), or in air (control). Following the treatments, early season fruit were ripened at 20 °C and 25 °C. Half of the late season fruit were ripened at either 20 °C or 25 °C, and the remainder were stored at 5.5 °C for 6 weeks, then ripened at 20 °C. There were no significant difference in quality and rot incidence between non-treated controls and MSDD-treated fruit. The main disorders found were stem-end and body rots, vascular browning and flesh greying for the stored fruit. There were also no significant differences in fruit respiration rate or ethylene production. Thus, MSDD was shown to be a potentially ‘soft’ disinfestation treatment for surface pests of avocado.