中央和地方政府水利投融资的演化博弈分析

在我国水利建设资金配置中,存在着中央和地方两级政府作为投资的主体,在兴建水利工程上进行着是否投资的利益博弈.基于演化博弈视角,分析了中央政府与地方政府在不同收益考量下长期博弈中形成的演化稳定策略,并揭示出由于存在“智猪博弈心态”,双方共同投资水利工程始终是不稳定策略组合,揭示了当前政府主导型的水利资金配置机制僵化现象.     

Appropriate Technology and Corresponding Design Strategies for the Steel Construction Congregated Apartments

In this paper,notions on appropriate technology for the Steel Construction Congregated Apartments are proposed in order to deal with the technical impediment that arises from applying steel structural techniques to the congregated apartments.The appropriate technology for the steel construction congregated apartments is defined as systematic technologies that are in harmony with the status quo of Chinese productive force level,social culture and building technology,and as the strategies of choosing or balancing technology according to sustainable development principle.The principal design and constructing strategies of appropriate technology are as follows:(1) organization of residential space combined with steel construction techniques,(2) suitable structural system,(3) a new idea of fire resistance,and(4) kit building technique etc.A technological concept analysis about an ideal model of a steel construction system congregated apartment combined with the appropriate technology is also presented.     

微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响

利用FEIXG型电子自旋共振波谱仪和Nicolet Nexus 670型傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响。研究结果表明,经微波处理后的稻草表面自由基浓度显著增加,最高可以达到处理前自由基浓度的7倍左右。且随着处理时间的延长和微波强度的增加,稻草表面自由基浓度的增加幅度有所上升。经微波处理后,稻草外表面的化学成分(包括SiO2、羟基、木素和纤维素)变化都不明显,而稻草内表面SiO2略有减少,羟基显著增加,木素和纤维素也有一定变化。微波处理可以改善稻草内表面的特性,使之比外表面更具活性,有利于稻草与胶黏剂之间的交联。     

采后乙醇处理对萝卜幼苗延迟衰老作用的影响

去根小萝卜幼苗，放置在０．５Ｌ的塑料盒中，用０．０５－１．０ｍｌ不同量的乙醇处理不同的时间，４ｄ后测定叶绿素损失量，氧的消耗量，二氧化碳产生量。结果发现，经乙醇气处理后的样品组，叶绿素损失均比对照组明显减少，二氧化碳生成量和氧的消耗量也比对照组显著降低，说明呼吸作用减缓并受到了抑制，延迟了衰老作用的发生。     

黄瓜光合色素与抗寒性相关关系研究

[目的]通过对黄瓜在短时不同强度光照低温条件下的表现,探讨低温胁迫下不同品种间光合色素的表现。[方法]选用本实验室经过多年选育的高代自交纯合系M16、M18、M19、M21、M25和M59为实验材料,设冰水浴光照5个处理:T1为1 h冰水浴光照、T2为3 h冰水浴光照、T3为5 h冰水浴光照、T4为3 h冰水浴避光和T5为7 d低温弱光,研究了黄瓜主要光合色素的含量与抗寒性的相关关系。[结果]T4中类胡萝卜素含量与T5中黄瓜的抗寒指数存在显著负相关,与T5的MDA含量呈显著正相关;T2中叶绿素含量与T5的抗寒指数和MDA含量都呈显著负相关。[结论]抗寒能力的维持需要合适的光照条件。该结果为建立黄瓜抗寒性的快速鉴定方法提供了理论依据。     

果实生长期用MeJA处理对‘红贵妃’芒果货架品质的影响

我国芒果产区因缺乏采后处理条件,致使芒果在货架期品质劣变严重。本文研究了在果实生长期喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对‘红贵妃’芒果采后品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,5 mg/L的MeJA处理显著降低了芒果货架期的病情指数和发病率、延缓了果皮转黄、提高了果肉的TSS和Vc含量、降低了TA含量,使芒果在货架期保持较好的外观和营养品质。同时,MeJA处理抑制了采后炭疽病的发生,在货架前期降低了CAT和POD活性,提高了总酚、总黄酮、H2O2含量,在货架后期提高了CAT和POD活性,降低了H2O2含量。本研究表明,生长期MeJA处理使芒果保持较好货架期品质与其增强果实在货架期的抗病性有关。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide as treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in different temperatures

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a pathogenic disease in salmonids caused by Neoparamoeba perurans. Treatment of AGD infection has been through freshwater bathing of the fish. However, as the availability of fresh water is often limited, hydrogen peroxide has been introduced as an alternative treatment. This study investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide as treatment for AGD‐infected salmon (Salmo salar L.,) at different seawater temperatures and hydrogen peroxide dosages. In total, 600 fish were challenged with N. perurans and the severity of the AGD infection was measured using a gill score scale. After challenge and disease development, the fish were distributed into 12 tanks. The treatment was performed at different seawater temperatures (8°C, 12°C, 17°C) using different hydrogen peroxide doses. Each temperature included an untreated control group. Linear models were used to analyse gill score. A significant effect of treatment was found (?0.68 ± 0.05) regardless of dose and temperature, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide was effective in treating AGD. When the model included dose, a negative linear relationship between dose and gill score was found. The study proved that treatment of AGD with hydrogen peroxide was successful, as gills partially recovered following treatment and further disease development was delayed.     

鹅绒皮加工过程中组织结构变化的研究Ⅲ．鞣制后鹅皮肤及被毛的亚微结构

取经过浸酸处理（浸酸液：硫酸３ｇ／Ｌ，甲酸１ｇ／Ｌ，羟基乙酸１ｇ／Ｌ，芒硝６０ｇ／Ｌ，食盐３０ｇ／Ｌ）的冬鹅皮，分别用４种不同方法鞣制后，用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了其亚微结构变化。结果表明，用由戊二醛（３ｇ／Ｌ）、三氧化二铬（０．６ｇ／Ｌ）、食盐（４０ｇ／Ｌ）、芒硝（４０ｇ／Ｌ）组成的鞣制剂鞣制，效果最佳。用其鞣制后，鹅皮肤的胶原纤维交联度增加，交联键增多，织角增大，原纤维增粗，纤维结合较紧密；鹅被毛仅羽小枝变化较明显，其顶端由正常的细尖状变为弯曲状。     

低温和诱导时间对小麦小孢子培养的影响

为了优化小麦小孢子培养体系,研究了低温处理花药、幼穗及诱导培养时间对小孢子形态、胚胎发生和植株再生的影响。结果表明,经低温处理后,有活力的小孢子体积增大、形态变化明显,据其液泡大小、数目及其与细胞核位置的关系,可分为4种类型。低温处理可显著提高胚状体数和绿苗数,其中处理花药3 d、幼穗7 d的效果最好,平均每皿的绿苗数分别为59株和57株。胚状体发育速度显著影响绿苗分化能力,小孢子诱导培养28-29 d、直径约2 mm的胚状体数目较少,但绿苗分化率高;诱导培养32-38 d、直径为2 mm的胚状体数目达到了峰值,而绿苗分化率极低。在小麦小孢子培养中,应选择诱导28-29 d、直径2 mm的胚状体进行分化培养。     

基于演化博弈的农产品供应链信息共享行为研究

运用演化博弈理论,建立了一个农产品供应商和生产加工商的两级供应链的信息共享动态演化博弈模型,并对系统长期的动态演化过程进行分析。结果表明,农产品供应链上各企业进行信息共享的行为与博弈双方的支付矩阵及初始值有关。博弈双方的信息吸收能力、共享量和协同效应系数越大,信息共享概率越大;信息共享成本和风险越大,信息共享概率越小;初始值的增大有利于信息共享,但到一定程度后,各企业会逐渐趋于信息不共享。