Establishment and Application of a Double RT-PCR Method for Detection of PEDV and TGEV

The study was aimed to establish a rapid one-step duplex RT-PCR detection method,which could be used to identify and diagnose PEDV and TGEV in clinical diarrhea cases.According to the gene sequences of PEDV and TGEV from GenBank,two pairs of specific primes were designed.Through optimizing and selecting of the best reaction conditions,we finally pinpointed the duplex one-step RT-PCR detection method with strong specificity,which could detect 1×10^-5 diluent degree of vaccine. Suspected samples,which were collected from different pig farms in 2015,were detected of PEDV with 100% positive rate.The method was rapid,high sensitivity and specificity,which could be used for clinical detection of PEDV and TGEV,and also for epidemiological investigation.     

Updated prediction for the BSE epidemic in dairy cattle in Japan

Following the detection of the first case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan in September 2001, nine million cattle were tested for BSE up to the end of 2008. As a result, a further 28 cases were detected in dairy cattle. Using the mathematical model previously developed and surveillance data up to the end of 2008, we estimated the prevalence of BSE-infected animals within each birth cohort for the years 1995–2001. We predicted historic and future trends in the number of BSE-infected animals to be culled and anticipated BSE cases from each birth cohort. The results indicate that more infected animals (428 (95% CI: 59–727)) than previously estimated would have been culled from 1995 to 2001, and more cases (53 (95% CI: 25–101)) than previously predicted would have been detected during this period with a higher peak in 2001, if a BSE surveillance program as comprehensive as the present one was applied. In and after 2009, 0–2 cases of BSE would likely to be detected. As previously predicted, the BSE epidemic should be eradicated by 2012.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突糖蛋白在转基因玉米中的表达

本研究拟构建携带猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突糖蛋白基因(TGEV-S)的转基因玉米植株并检测其表达情况。首先利用PCR方法自携带TGEV-S基因的重组质粒中扩增2.2kb的S基因片段,然后插入植物表达载体pBAC176中,该表达载体以编码除草剂草甘膦抗性的EPSP基因作为选择标记,目的基因以双增强子的CaMV35S(E35S)及其玉米Hsp70第一内含子为驱动。以授粉后10～12d约0.5～1mm大小的玉米幼胚为受体,用基因枪进行转化,经过愈伤组织诱导、草甘膦抗性筛选和分化再生培养,先后获得74株转化再生植株。利用PCR和Southern blot检测表明,T0代转基因苗有9株检测结果为阳性。T1代转基因玉米株系经PCR检测有14个转基因株系为阳性,初步确定了目的基因在这些转基因玉米中的稳定整合。进而通过间接ELISA分析初步确定目的基因在7个T1代转基因玉米株系获得了表达。研究结果为进一步研究表达TGEV-S转基因玉米的生物学活性奠定了基础。     

疯牛病的研究动态和我国防控体系建设

目前,欧洲、北美洲、亚洲都不同程度发生疯牛病疫情,文章重点介绍世界各国在疯牛病预防、监测、基础理论方面的研究动态,以及我国疯牛病防控体系现状。     

Effect of antisecretory drugs on experimentally induced weanling diarrhoea in piglets

In 45 newly-weaned 3 to 4-week-old piglets, diarrhoea was induced by a combined infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains. In untreated control animals this dual inoculation resulted in profuse diarrhoea, vomiting, hypovolaemic shock and death of 77% of the animals within five days of TGE virus inoculation. Antisecretory drugs were administered intramuscularly for three consecutive days after experimental infection. The neurolepticum chlorpromazine, at 2 mg/kg/24 h, resulted in a significant inhibition of diarrhoea and vomiting, and in an increase in weight gain and survival. Sedation and hypothermia, however, were serious side-effects. The ₂ agonist clonidine, at 80 g/kg/12 h, induced a significant antidiarrhoeal effect and a reduction in mortality. The drug, however, provoked decreased activity of ₂-adrenergic excitation and incoordination. The -adrenergic antagonist propranolol, at 0.33 mg/kg/8 h, and the calcium channel blocker verapamil, at 2 mg/kg/8 h, had no beneficial effect on the experimentally induced diarrhoea.     

犬瘟热自然病例脱髓性脑病发生的机理

为了进一步调查脑组织的髓鞘脱失与神经胶质细胞等成份的关系,用12只犬瘟热自然病例通过病理组织学和免疫组织化学染色法进行了本试验.结果表明:髓鞘脱失部位的脑组织伴有明显的血液循环障碍,即淤血、水肿、血栓形成和弥漫性血管内凝血;少突胶质细胞发生代谢紊乱和凋亡;用抗犬瘟热病毒(CDV)抗体染色,星状胶质细胞呈现强阳性反应;用抗GFAP染色,纤维性星状胶质细胞在脱髓区呈较强阳性反应,用TUNEL染色可检出发生凋亡的星状胶质细胞;一些室管膜细胞也被CDV感染,许多含有包涵体币口凋亡的室管膜细胞在脑室壁被发现;少数神经元变性和皱缩,其核发生浓缩.据此认为,脑组织的髓鞘脱失主要与血液循环障碍和少突胶质细胞的代谢紊乱及凋亡有关;脑组织的髓鞘脱失是许多病因共同作用的结果,并非是一种病因所致.     

BSE situation and establishment of Food Safety Commission in Japan

Eight major policies were implemented by Japanese Government since Oct. 2001, to deal with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). These are; 1) Surveillance in farm by veterinarian, 2) Prion test at healthy 1.3mi cows/yr, by veterinarian, 3) Elimination of specified risk material (SRM), 4) Ban of MBM for production, sale use, 5) Prion test for fallen stocks, 6) Transparent information and traceability, 7) New Measures such as Food Safety Basic Law, and 8) Establish of Food Safety Commission in the Cabinet Office. At this moment, the extent of SRM risk has only been indicated by several reports employing tests with a limited sensitivity. There is still a possibility that the items in the SRM list will increase in the future, and this indiscriminately applies to Japanese cattle as well. Although current practices of SRM elimination partially guarantee total food safety, additional latent problems and imminent issues remain as potential headaches to be addressed. If the index of SRM elimination cannot guarantee reliable food safety, we have but to resort to total elimination of tissues from high risk-bearing and BSE-infected animals. However, current BSE tests have their limitations and can not yet completely detect high-risk and/or infected animals. Under such circumstances, tissues/wastes and remains of diseased, affected fallen stocks and cohort animals have to be eliminated to prevent BSE invading the human food chain systems. The failure to detect any cohort should never be allowed to occur, and with regular and persistent updating of available stringent records, we are at least adopting the correct and useful approach as a reawakening strategy to securing food safety. In this perspective, traceability based on a National Identification System is required.     

Carprofen inhibition of flare in the dog measured by laser flare photometry

The purpose of this study was to determine whether oral carprofen (Rimadyl®) treatment in dogs could prevent or decrease the breakdown of the blood–aqueous barrier. The topical pilocarpine irritative model was used to induce breakdown and cause flare. Pilocarpine was instilled in both eyes of seven dogs at time zero and again 5 h later. At 7 h, laser flare photometry was used to measure the flare concentration in each eye using the Kowa FC-1000 laser flare cell meter. All treatments were then discontinued. Two days later, carprofen was administered to the same dogs for a total of three doses. After the last dose of carprofen, pilocarpine treatments and flare measurements were repeated. Carprofen pretreatment resulted in a 68% inhibition of flare, which was highly significant ( P < 0.01). The pilocarpine group had a mean of 16.1 photon counts per millisecond (PC ms⁻¹) ± 2.2 SE, and the carprofen group had a mean of 7.0 PC/ms ± 1.2 SE. These results compare favorably with previous studies measuring increased protein or fluorescein concentrations in the aqueous humor after blood–aqueous barrier breakdown in the dog. These results suggest that carprofen may be effectively used as a systemically administered ocular anti-inflammatory drug. Carprofen has the added benefit of fewer reported side effects.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因重组腺病毒的构建及特性研究

将克隆的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）全长S基因插入pAdTrack—CMV穿梭质粒中，形成的转移质粒pAdTrack—CMV／S线性化后，用pAdEasy^TM系统电转化含有腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy-1的感受态大肠埃希氏菌BJ5183，经同源重组，构建了含有全S基因的重组腺病毒载体，经酶切充分暴露反向末端重复序列后，与脂质体混合转染AD-293细胞，成功获得了AD-S复制缺陷型腺病毒，经检测证实，AD-S稳定性好，安全性高。转录水平检测证实，S基因得到了转录；荧光检测发现，外源蛋白已得到表达。