中药成分辛弗林对胶体金免疫层析法检测β-受体激动剂的影响

旨在探究陈皮、青皮、木瓜、厚朴、红景天等5种中药材提取液以及饲喂了陈皮和青皮的猪尿液胶体金免疫层析法检测结果呈阳性的原因。建立测定猪尿及中药提取物中辛弗林的LC-MS/MS检测方法,测定陈皮、青皮的提取物和饲喂陈皮、青皮后猪尿中的辛弗林浓度。用小鼠肝微粒体孵育CGIA检测呈阳性的陈皮、青皮、木瓜和厚朴4味中药提取物。饲喂陈皮和青皮后的猪尿液检出辛弗林,浓度分别为1.36和1.65 μg·mL^-1;在陈皮和青皮的提取复溶液中检出辛弗林,浓度分别为132.6和312.7 μg·mL^-1。厚朴和木瓜两种中药提取物经过肝微粒体孵育后,在2~5 h逐渐由CGIA检测阳性转为阴性,陈皮和青皮孵育后,0~6 h的结果均为CGIA检测阳性;阴性中药组CGIA检测均呈阴性,而添加辛弗林的阳性对照组0~6 h CGIA检测均呈阳性。猪较大剂量使用陈皮和青皮会引起猪尿β-受体激动剂CGIA检测出现假阳性,该假阳性现象跟中药成分辛弗林有关,体外试验中辛弗林不易被小鼠肝微粒体代谢。     

建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的检测技术及脱毒方法研究进展

为了弄清目前建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)病毒检测和脱毒的研究概况,本研究详细阐述了2种病毒的检测方法、采用的脱毒技术和脱毒效率,分析比较了不同技术存在的弊端,指出现有的脱毒方法已不能满足兰科植物脱毒研究的需要。在此基础上,进一步提出应采用安全、可靠的新型脱毒技术来解决目前兰科植物产业瓶颈问题。超低温脱毒技术是近年来发展迅速的脱毒技术,具有独特优势,目前已在多种植物上成功应用,该方法的应用有望解决2种病毒脱毒方面存在的问题。     

中医药学和动物营养学理论在饲料添加剂生产应用中若干问题的讨论

随着人们对畜产品安全意识的不断加强,饲用抗生素与部分化学药物添加剂被禁用已成必然趋势。中草药素有“绿色药物”之称谓,我国政府也在积极推进中药现代化。在这种科技发展形势下,如何在饲料添加剂研究与中医药学的交叉中寻求切入点是一个新的课题。本文从中医理论与现代动物营养学的基本概念与特点出发,结合我国中药资源的现状,就中医药学与动物营养学在学科结合中的问题进行了探讨。     

不同养猪模式的温室气体排放研究

为评价不同养猪模式温室气体排放情况,对南京六合发酵床和传统水泥地面猪舍温室气体排放情况进行试验测定。通过测定猪舍内空气中CH4、CO2、N2O浓度,根据二氧化碳平衡法原理,计算不同猪舍的温室气体排放通量。结果表明:发酵床舍内CH4、CO2、N2O的平均含量分别是传统猪舍的61.2%、78.6%、125.0%;其舍内CH4平均排放通量要低于传统猪舍,是其63.6%,而N2O和CO2平均排放通量分别是传统猪舍的10倍和1.4倍;考虑到传统猪场猪粪堆肥和化粪池后续管理过程中的温室气体排放,试验期间发酵床养猪模式每天每头猪排放的CO2当量的温室气体总量较传统养猪模式多26.3%,CO2是发酵床养猪过程中温室气体排放总量的主要贡献者,其次是N2O。     

The water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation for winter wheat production on the North China Plain

The shortage of groundwater resources is a considerable challenge for winter wheat production on the North China Plain. Water-saving technologies and procedures are thus urgently required. To determine the water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation(MSI) for winter wheat production, field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015. Compared to traditional flooding irrigation(TFI), micro-sprinkling thrice with 90 mm water(MSI1) and micro-sprinkling four times with 120 mm water(MSI2) increased the water use efficiency by 22.5 and 16.2%, respectively, while reducing evapotranspiration by 17.6 and 10.8%. Regardless of the rainfall pattern, MSI(i.e., MSI1 or MSI2) either stabilized or significantly increased the grain yield, while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%, compared to TFI. Applying the same volumes of irrigation water, MSI(i.e., MSI3, micro-sprinkling five times with 150 mm water) increased the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat by 4.6 and 11.7%, respectively, compared to TFI. Because MSI could supply irrigation water more frequently in smaller amounts each time, it reduced soil layer compaction, and may have also resulted in a soil water deficit that promoted the spread of roots into the deep soil layer, which is beneficial to photosynthetic production in the critical period. In conclusion, MSI1 or MSI2 either stabilized or significantly increased grain yield while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40% compared to TFI, and should provide water-saving technological support in winter wheat production for smallholders on the North China Plain.     

小型中草药碾磨机设计制造与应用研究

 结合云南省中草药加工的特点,介绍小型中草药碾磨机。对碾磨机在设计制造及碾药中应注意的问题进行了分析讨论。     

牛精液中药复方稀释液配方筛选研究

在种公牛精液商业稀释液的基础上,按6%、12%、24%和48%的4个水平向稀释液中分别添加4种中药复方提取液,制作0.25 ml细管冻精,解冻(40 ℃,10 s)后比较分析精子活率、顶体完整率、质膜完整性3个指标,以确定较优的中药稀释液配方.结果表明:添加了中药复方提取液的稀释液能更有效的冷冻保存牛精子细胞.其中,复方一和复方二的冷冻效果最佳.复方一在添加量为12%时精子活率、顶体完整率及质膜完整率分别为41.50%、40.14%和38.16%(P＜0.05),分别比对照组提高了10.67%、3.92%和5.50%;复方二在添加量为6%时,精子活率、顶体完整率、质膜完整率3项指标分别达到41.33%、41.59%和40.00%(P＜0.05),分别比对照组提高了10.50%、5.37%和7.34%.     

“五元三法”教学体系初探—谈经济管理类本科专业理论课程教学法

人类认识事物运动并对其运动施控的过程有三次“质”的飞跃阶段。理，工科本科教育基本定位于人类认识的第三次“质”的飞跃阶段，而经济管理类本科教育则横跨人类认识的全过程，即定位于第一，二，三次“质”的飞跃阶段，因而其教育教学的特性与理，工科不同，更注重应付不确定性因素与风险因素以及由此导致的知识综合性，交叉性，初中性与多变性，这些特性决定了经济管理类本科教育理论课教学的多元化特色，笔称之为“二元三法”体系，即针对经济管理类本科教育五类理论课程的划分或设置以及不同课程特性的差异，对不同程程可分别或复合式采取传统讲授，专题讲座和案例分析三种方法。     

中药添加剂对海南文昌鸡消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究中药添加剂对海南文昌鸡消化酶活性的影响。将180只雌性文昌鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为抗生素对照组,在基础日粮中添加600 mg/kg的金霉素;第3、4、5组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的中药添加剂。试验共进行6周。每周称重、计量采食量。第35、56日龄时,每组分别取接近平均体重鸡6只,屠宰后迅速取胰腺和十二指肠内容物速冻,然后制备匀浆以测定胰腺蛋白酶活性和十二指肠内容物淀粉酶活性。结果显示,0.2%中药添加剂能显著提高日增重(P<0.05),0.2%的中药添加剂能够提高胰蛋白酶活力,但差异不显著(P>0.05),0.2%和0.3%的中药添加剂均能够显著提高肠道内容物中淀粉酶活力(P<0.05)。因此,中药添加剂能够提高文昌鸡胰蛋白酶和肠道淀粉酶活力,以0.2%的添加量较适宜。     

Comparative Studies on the Characteristic Fatty Acid Profiles of Four Different Chinese Medicinal Sargassum Seaweeds by GC-MS and Chemometrics

Sargassum seaweeds produce abundant biomass in China and have long been used as herbal medicine and food. Their characteristic fatty acid (FA) profiles and related potential function in promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, FA profiles of four medicinal Sargassum were characterized using GC-MS. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate the four medicinal Sargassum, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out between the two official species HAI ZAO and between the two folk medicine species HAI QIAN. In all of the algae investigated, the major SFA and MUFA were palmitic and stearic acid, respectively, while the major PUFAs were linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acid. S. fusiforme and S. horneri had higher concentrations of PUFAs. With respect to CVH, all of the studied species, particularly S. fusiforme, exhibited satisfactory levels such as PUFA/SFA ratio and n-6/n-3 ratio. Each species possesses a unique FA profile and is discriminated clearly. Potential key FA markers (between the two Chinese official species, and between the two folk species) are assessed. The study provides characteristic fatty acid profiles of four Chinese medicinal Sargassum and their related potential function in promoting CVH.