实时荧光定量RT-PCR法比较猪瘟疫苗病毒含量

为有效检测福建省使用猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗病毒含量,给养殖户选择高效疫苗提供科学指导。本研究收集福建省内使用的10个不同厂家生产的23个批次猪瘟疫苗,应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测疫苗中病毒核酸的含量,以其中的标准品对照,比较相应的兔体反应量。结果表明：抽检23个猪瘟疫苗样品合格率仅为69.56%,传代细胞苗的病毒含量相对较高,脾淋苗病毒含量优于细胞苗;不同厂家生产的同类型疫苗病毒含量差异大,同一厂家生产的同类疫苗存在批间差异。实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测猪瘟疫苗病毒含量是一种便捷、高效的方法,为今后临床猪瘟疫苗的使用提供有效指导依据。     

Monitoring the Immune Status of Broilers Against Reoviruses Using Challenge and Serologic Data

Reoviruses are an important cause of suboptimum performance in commercial broilers worldwide. Integrators use the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the S1133 antigen for monitoring serum of breeders for indicating pullet vaccine success. However, without correlating serology to reovirus challenge, it is difficult to determine whether titers reflect protective immunity. We developed a broiler challenge test against 2 common reovirus isolates (2408 and S1133) to evaluate the efficacy of reovirus pullet vaccine programs. Two reovirus serologic and challenge studies were undertaken using chicks from broiler integrators from the southeastern United States. Breeder flocks, from which the chicks were obtained, received at least 1 live and 2 inactivated reovirus vaccines during their pullet phase. One-day-old progeny were collected from 6 breeder flocks. At 1 d of age, 20 chicks from each broiler flock were bled, and serum was analyzed for antibodies. At 3 to 4 d of age, 20 progeny per flock were challenged with the 2408 reovirus by intratracheal route. At 10 to 14 d of age, another 20 birds per flock were challenged with the S1133 reovirus by footpad. Twenty birds per flock were used as nonchallenged controls. At 3 wk of age, all birds were killed and weighed. Percentage of protection was calculated for each flock based on the absence of gross lesions. Flocks with at least 50% protection were considered well protected. Most flocks were well protected against both viruses. The percentage of protection correlated with day-old enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers. Chicks from younger hens had higher titers and the best protection against challenge. Producers, whose hen flocks were monitored herein, were doing a good job of immunizing pullets against reovirus. They are now using reovirus progeny challenge studies along with breeder antibody titers to determine vaccination success of their pullets.     

羊痘研究概况

羊痘病毒基因组庞大,约有150 kb,包括中间编码区和两端相同的反向末端重复序列;绵羊痘病毒和山羊痘病毒基因组彼此十分相似,约有96%的核苷酸完全相同.p32蛋白是目前世界各地分离鉴定的所有羊痘病毒株共有的且特异性很强的结构蛋白,在诊断和预防方面具有重要的应用价值.虽然羊疸从临床症状和宿主特异性上很客易做出诊断,但进一步的实验室确诊还是必要的,现已有多种检测方法和诊断试剂.控制该病最有效的方法是使用疫苗对易感动物进行免疫接种.文章从病原学、诊断和预防控制等方面对羊痘进行综述.     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是影响乳品工业经济效益的重要疾病之一,引起奶牛乳房炎的致病菌约有150多种,但金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原。由它引起的乳房炎很难治愈,而且对抗生素产生耐药性的菌株已经相当普遍,因此使用预防或治疗性疫苗防治乳房炎就成为首选。然而金黄色葡萄球菌的致病力由许多不同的因子(如黏附素、荚膜等)决定,这使得制备非常有效的疫苗变得很困难。本文就这些致病因子在疫苗研制方面的进展做一简要介绍。     

DNA疫苗的作用机制及新型免疫策略的研究进展

疫苗是预防和控制严重传染病的重要手段，将基因工程用于疫苗生产已经成为生物技术的热点内容之一。治疗性基因工程疫苗是近些年研究的重点，并迅速从治疗传染性疾病的研究扩展到非传染性疾病的研究，如治疗性乙肝疫苗、治疗性肿瘤疫苗等。本文针对这一热点阐述基因工程DNA疫苗的作用机制及新型免疫策略研究的进展。     

三种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫效果评价

为研究不同猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)疫苗的的免疫特性,分别采用PRRSV变异株(JXA1-R)弱毒疫苗、经典PRRSV(VR 2332)弱毒疫苗、变异株(JXA1)灭活疫苗,免疫接种PRRSV抗原和抗体阴性的健康断奶仔猪,免疫接种后70d用PRRSV变异株强毒攻毒,ELISA检测血清中PRRSV特异的抗体水平及IFN-γ、IL 2、IL 4、IL 8、IL 10的水平,并进行临床症状和肺部病理组织学观察和评分。结果表明,VR 2332、JXA1-R弱毒疫苗对免疫猪攻毒保护效果差异不显著,均为63.6%(7/11),JXA1灭活疫苗免疫攻毒保护效果较差,为36.4%(4/11)。试验还发现病毒感染猪血清中细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-10的比值可以作为评价疫苗免疫效果的一个指标。     

奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是对世界奶牛业造成经济损失最大的疾病之一,它不仅直接导致乳品工业的经济损失,而且由于患乳房炎的奶牛其乳汁中经常含有大量的毒素、病原微生物以及治疗后残留的抗生素,使得该病日益引起公众的关注。金黄色葡萄球菌是奶牛乳房炎的主要病原,由于其极易产生耐药性,使得治疗变得相当困难,因此使用预防或治疗性疫苗防治乳房炎就成为首选。金黄色葡萄球菌对上皮细胞的黏附和侵袭力被认为是奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎的主要致病机制,金黄色葡萄球菌的致病力涉及到许多不同的毒力因子,如黏附素、荚膜、各种毒素和酶类等。研究表明,以这些毒力因子为靶位进行疫苗研究,可能是预防奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎的有效途径。     

仔猪水肿病多价油乳剂灭活菌苗在猪体内的免疫原性研究

用自制的仔猪水肿病多价油乳剂灭活菌苗肌肉注射20日龄未接种同类疫苗的长杂健康仔猪，14d后用攻毒菌株（湖北地方分离株及O138、O139、O1413个菌株）攻毒。结果表明每头免疫剂量为0.50mL(含30亿CFU）免疫效果最好，免疫2周后血清抗体几何凝集效价为1:640，保护率达到100%。     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫种鸡后子代雏鸡的免疫学变化

应用现代免疫学新技术对传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)疫苗免疫种鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液和免疫器官组织的免疫学变化进行了动态研究。结果发现 :传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫种鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液 T、B细胞数量和 Ig G,Ig M,Ig A含量及免疫器官组织的 T细胞、Ig G,Ig M,Ig A抗体生成细胞数量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡 ,表明 IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后 ,子代雏鸡外周血液和免疫器官组织的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒攻击子代雏鸡后 ,未免疫的子代雏鸡 ,外周血液和免疫器官组织的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡 ,这与 IBDV感染雏鸡后 ,其免疫器官组织严重损害 ,淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关 ,也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础     

The protoxin Cry1Ac of Bacillus thuringiensis improves the protection conferred by intranasal immunization with Brucella abortus RB51 in a mouse model

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting many people and animals worldwide. Preventing this infection requires improving vaccination strategies. The protoxin Cry1Ac of Bacillus thuringiensis is an adjuvant that, in addition to increasing the immunogenicity of different antigens, has shown to be protective in different models of parasitic infections. The objective of the present study was to test whether the intranasal co-administration of pCry1Ac with the RB51 vaccine strain of Brucella abortus confers protection against an intranasal challenge with the virulent strain B. abortus 2308 in BALB/c mice. The results showed that co-administration of pCry1Ac and RB51, increased the immunoprotection conferred by the vaccine as evidenced by the following: (1) decrease of the splenic bacterial load when challenged intranasally with the virulent strain; (2) greater in vivo cytotoxic activity in response to the transference of previously infected cells; (3) further proliferation of cytotoxic TCD8+ cells in response to stimulation with heat-inactivated bacteria; (4) increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ; and (5) significant IgG2a response. These results indicate that the use of the Cry1Ac protein as a mucosal adjuvant via the intranasal route can be a promising alternative for improving current RB51 vaccine against brucellosis.