不同日龄鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量变化规律的研究

【目的】 试验旨在研究1~28日龄乳鸽嗉囊中鸽乳粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量的变化规律。【方法】 选取36对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽,于乳鸽1、3、5、7、14、28日龄采集鸽乳,每个时间点6个重复,每个重复2只乳鸽,在种鸽哺喂后通过挤压嗉囊的方式采集乳鸽嗉囊内鸽乳。分别在乳鸽1、7、14、21、28日龄时称重,并记录种鸽每周的采食量。【结果】 乳鸽体重随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05),在1~21日龄乳鸽体重随日龄增加而增加(P<0.05),之后维持稳定。种鸽颗粒料和原粮以及总采食量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05),原粮和颗粒料采食量以及总采食量均于7日龄后显著增加(P<0.05),并在15~28日龄维持稳定。不同日龄鸽乳的粗蛋白质和矿物元素含量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次减少(P<0.05),1~5日龄粗蛋白质含量维持稳定,在7日龄显著降低(P<0.05),在14~28日龄维持稳定。钙含量随日龄增加呈显著的线性增加(P<0.05),磷含量呈显著的线性减少(P<0.05),钙磷比呈显著的线性升高(P<0.05)。铜、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加呈显著的线性和二次增加(P<0.05)。铁含量随日龄增加呈显著的二次增加(P<0.05),铜、铁、锰、锌含量均在1~3日龄维持稳定,铜含量在5日龄显著增加(P<0.05),之后维持稳定,于14日龄显著增加(P<0.05),随后于28日龄显著降低(P<0.05)。铁、锌和锰含量均于5日龄显著增加(P<0.05),在5~28日龄维持稳定;硒含量随日龄变化无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 乳鸽在21日龄前生长速度快,21~28日龄乳鸽体重维持稳定,种鸽颗粒料和原粮采食量以及总采食量均随乳鸽日龄增加而增加。鸽乳中粗蛋白质和磷含量均随日龄增加而减少,而钙、铜、铁、锰、锌含量均随日龄增加而增加。     

9株绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113基因克隆及蛋白序列分析

[目的]克隆绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113基因,比对、分析不同菌株P113蛋白序列,为研究绵羊肺炎支原体P113蛋白的生物学功能提供参考。[方法]设计绵羊肺炎支原体P113基因特异性引物,采用PCR方法扩增9株绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株的P113基因片段;对获得的9株绵羊肺炎支原体P113基因片段进行测序分析,将DNA序列翻译为氨基酸序列,对不同菌株的P113氨基酸序列进行比对。[结果]不同分离株P113基因片段扩增产物大小不同。氨基酸序列分析显示,C末端序列重复区域长度存在差异,以KKAEGA（S）QNQG为主要重复序列单元。不同菌株重复序列单元数量不同,NM01-MO株和CK-MO株的重复序列单元数量最多,为16个;LK-MO株重复序列单元数量最少,为3个;多数菌株之间重复序列单元数量差异较大。[结论]绵羊肺炎支原体内蒙古分离株P113氨基酸序列的C末端重复序列单元数量不同,这些不同数量的重复序列影响P113蛋白结构,进而可能影响其生物学功能。     

红藤苗木施肥量的初步研究*

红藤(Daemonorops margaritae Hance)是我国主要商品藤种之一,目前已在广东、海南和福建等省推广人工栽培。红藤苗木培育周期长,从播种到成苗出圃约需一年时间,而壮苗技术是推广人工栽培的关键。为了研究红藤壮苗培育技术,在取得藤苗光照试验和矿质营养试验结果的基础上,安排了苗木施肥试验,以探求红藤苗木最适施肥量,为合理施肥提供科学依据。     

桤柏混交林的效益探讨

桤柏混交林是川中丘陵区的主要造林类型。本文对不同年龄阶段的桤柏混交林进行了对比研究。结果表明：２６年生的混交林中其柏木在单位面积上的蓄积最比纯柏木林大８０．６％，地上中分生物量比纯林高４７．２％；混交林柏木的Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ等营养元素含量分别 比纯柏林高６５．４７％，５０．４３％，７．７０％和１７．９６％；混交林内空气相对湿度比纯柏木林大９．４－１０．５％，混交林能改善生态环境，提高土壤肥力。     

Comparative analyses on the litter in Korean pine Mongolian Scots pine and Dahurian Larch plantations

Comparative analyses were conducted on the nutrient element content and returning amount of main fractional compositions of litter in Korean pine (KP), Mongolian Scots pine (MSP) and Dahurian larch (DL) plantations in Laoshan Plantation Experiment Station of Maoershan Experiment Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows: (1) The nutrient element content and returning amount in litter varies among different fractional compositions and tree species, the total returning amount of all nutrient elements and the returning amount of K, Ca, Mg, N and P are DL > MSP > KP, the returning amount of Cu is DL > KP > MSP, the returning amount of Fe and Mn are MSP > DL > KP; (2) To KP and DL plantations, the main nutrient element returned is dead needles; dead branches, bark scales and dead cones account for a little proportion; whereas to MSP plantation, besides dead needles, dead branches and bark scales also play an important role in the return of nutrient elements; (3) A little deal of dead leaves can provided a great deal of returning amount of nutrient elements.     

雷竹林营养元素分配与积累

对不同年龄雷竹各器官的N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种营养元素的含量进行分析.结果表明:雷竹不同器官的营养元素含量大小N、P、Ca、Mg均为叶＞枝＞秆,K为秆＞叶＞枝.各营养元素含量大小顺序为,叶:N＞K＞Ca＞P＞Mg;枝:K＞N＞P＞Ca＞Mg;秆:K＞N＞P＞Mg＞Ca.雷竹林地上部分生物量为34 654.20kg·hm-2,5种营养元素贮藏总量为202.94kg·hm-2.     

火炬松人工林养分体内转移与内循环研究

对江苏省下蜀林场火炬松人工林 (15年生 )地上部分养分体内转移和内循环特点进行了初步研究 ,结果表明 :(1)在体内养分转移中 ,叶的贡献最大 ,N、P、K和Mg元素的平均转移量均大于枝和干 ;地上部分养分N、P、K和Mg元素的转移率分别为 44 9% ,34 5 % ,2 0 8%和 30 7%。 (2 )地上部分养分归还量N、P、K、Ca和Mg元素分别 5 5 787,6 13,2 6 70 ,70 79和 2 0 30kg·hm- 2 ·a- 1 分别占需要量的 36 6 7% ,44 6 5 % 5 5 3% ,78 0 2 %和 42 84% ;地上实际消耗土壤中的养分量N、P、K、Ca和Mg分别为 2 2 48,2 13,4 6 4,2 6 98和 7 41kg·hm- 2 ·a- 1 ,分别占吸收量的 2 3 99% ,2 2 76 % ,11 84% ,2 4 32 %和 2 1 0 9%。 (3)与当地的杉木林和次生栎林相比 ,该火炬松人工林养分利用率高 ,并处于养分消耗阶段。     

火焰原子吸收光谱分析法增感效应的研究──Ⅱ．树木叶片铜、铁元素的测定

从７种对ＣＵ、Ｆｅ元素有较大增感效应的有机物中，筛选出邻菲啉作增感剂，用于对杉木、油茶样叶中的Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ元素进行分析测定．结果表明，可使样叶中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ元素的吸光度增加５０％左右，提高了测定的灵敏度和精度．在相关元素的测定中，除Ｃａ元素的结果表现为偏高外，对Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ和Ｚｎ元素的测定无不良影响．     

Altitudinal patterns of the flora of seed plants of Dawei Mountain in Yunnan Province, south China

Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l. Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren land on the mountain slopes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征

秦岭脱齿栎林、油松林和华山林（包括０－６０cm土层）营养元素总贮量达２９．２５００－３９０．１７３９t.hm^-2，其大小为锐齿栎林＞华山松＞油松林，土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的９３．１０％－９９．３９％，植被层和凋落物层仅占０．５７％－３．００％和０．１０％－１．９９％；３林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１２０．４８３t.hm^-2,129.384m^3.hm^-2和１２２６．９kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林＞油松林＞华山松林。３林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１．５５３t.hm^-2和５３．１kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林最大，华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积量平均值分别为１７．４７５t.hm^-2和５０２．５kg.hm^-2，３林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为３３．４、１４７．２和２６４．３，１９５．６、６６．９和８４．１，１３８．８、８０．４和１８０．２kg.hm^-2和０．５８５、０４５４和０．３１８，３林分各营养元素的年吸收量，归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异，锐齿栎林干和皮中Ｃa和Ｍg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的，锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失，特别是Ｃa和Ｍg，会破坏土壤原有离子动态平衡，引起林地土壤理化性质改变，林地生产潜力逐渐下降。