水稻感染细菌性条斑病后叶片中酚类物质的变化

用细菌性条斑病病菌接种４个抗性水平不同的水稻品种，分析水稻幼苗叶片的总酚及黄酮类化合物含量．结果表明：各品种的对照健叶的总酚及黄酮类化合物含量虽有一定的差异，但与品种抗病性无关；接菌后病叶中总酚、黄酮类化合物含量均高于相应品种的对照健叶．在抗病品种中的总酚、黄酮类化合物在发病早期增加迅速，而感病品种中的则在发病早期变化不大，到后期才有较大积累．接菌后，抗病品种与感病品种主要酚类物质的种类相同，共４种，其中２种为黄酮类化合物．抗病品种酚类物质各组分的同体积分离液对细菌性条斑病菌的抑菌作用比感病品种大，尤其是黄酮类化合物的抑菌作用更强     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取绿茶总黄酮工艺的研究

为优化超声波提取绿茶总黄酮工艺,在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计对影响绿茶总黄酮得率的因素进行筛选,得出具有显著效应的3个因素—乙醇质量分数、液固比和提取次数。根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理进行响应面回归分析,以总黄酮得率为响应值,确定主要影响因素的最佳提取条件为乙醇质量分数77%、液固比42︰1和提取次数2次,提取率为3.76%,与模型预测值3.79%基本相符。结果表明,Plackett-Burman设计结合响应面分析法可以很好地对绿茶总黄酮提取工艺进行优化。     

花生DNA快速简便提取方法的研究

在花生新鲜针叶和干叶ＤＮＡ提取过程中,应用ｐＨ值较低,无机盐浓度较高的提取缓冲液可沉淀蛋白质,其中加入２％的β－巯基乙醇可有效地防止次生代谢物质使ＤＮＡ变色。提取出的ＤＮＡ样品产率在９２．６～２１６．３１ｎｇ／ｍｇ．ｆｗ,ＤＮＡ质量和纯度较高,２６０ｎｍ／２８０ｎｍ光密度比值在１．８～１．９之间。所得ＤＮＡ可直接用于限制性内切酶酶切,并可用于随机引物ＰＣＲ扩增。该方法为花生分子生物学研究提供基础。     

长期不施肥条件下几种典型土壤全磷和Olsen-P的变化

研究了11个不同气候条件、不同耕作制度、典型土壤类型长期定位试验不施肥处理土壤全磷和Olsen-P变化及其影响因素。结果表明,在长期不施肥条件下耕作,土壤Olsen-P含量下降比全磷的明显;在试验进行5年左右,土壤全磷含量都有所降低,以后各点表现不尽相同,新疆灰漠土、长沙水稻土和郑州潮土全磷含量随时间延长呈显著直线下降,其它试验点全磷的变化不明显;作物携出磷与土壤全磷下降之间,无论绝对含量或相对含量都不成比例。土壤Olsen磷下降率比全磷高几倍。Olsen-P下降趋势与起始土壤Olsen磷含量有关:起始土壤Olsen-P磷大于20 mg/kg时,25年内一直呈现明显下降趋势,降低40.5 mg/kg,特别是前5年下降更快,降低30 mg/kg;起始土壤Olsen-P为10～20 mg/kg时,下降趋势比前者缓慢,15年内一直呈明显下降趋势,下降19 mg/kg, 前5年下降15 mg/kg,15年后几乎不变;起始土壤Olsen-P小于10 mg/kg时,25年内无明显变化。Olsen-P下降量与起始Olsen-P占全磷的比例成显著直线关系。     

Spatial variability of total soil carbon and nitrogen stocks for some reclaimed minesoils of southeastern Ohio

Reclamation of drastically disturbed minesoils and subsequent planting of trees and/or grasses can result in a rapid build‐up of carbon (C) in the soil. However, the amount of C sequestered in reclaimed minesoils may vary with the amount of time since reclamation. In this study, we assessed total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations for reclaimed minesoils located in northeastern Ohio and characterized by distinct reclamation age chronosequences. Reclaimed minesoils studied were R78G, reclaimed in 1978 and immediately seeded to grass; R82GT, reclaimed in 1982 and immediately seeded to grass and trees were planted 5 years later; and R87G, reclaimed in 1987 and immediately seeded to grass. An unmined site, UMG, was also included as a reference. Our objectives were to evaluate the variability with respect to mean and the spatial variability of pH, bulk density (ρ_b), TC and TN concentrations, and stocks in each reclaimed minesoil. Thirty soil samples were collected at each of the 0–15, 15–30, and 30–50 cm depth. The coefficient of variation (CV) for ρ_b was least, <15 per cent at each site and depth. For TN concentration and stock, CV was moderate, 15–35 per cent, in each field except the UMG where it was high, >35 per cent at 0–15, and 15–30 cm depths. For TC concentration and stocks, CV was high, >35 per cent, across all minesoils and generally increased with depth. The C/N ratio followed the same tend as TC and TN stocks and ranged from 40 per cent to 123 per cent across minesoils. Geostatistical analysis also showed an increase in sample variance with increasing amount of time since reclamation for most soil properties under investigation. Sample variance for TC concentration and stocks also increased with depth in reclaimed minesoils. However, no definite relationship emerged between amount of time since reclamation and the spatial dependence of TC and TN concentrations and stocks. Overall this study showed that reclamation of drastically disturbed minesoils increased the soil C concentration and stocks and reclamation by initially seeding to grasses followed by planting trees was the best management option for speedy accretion of soil C and soil quality enhancement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干旱区绿洲多介质环境中氮素和磷素分布研究

通过对绿洲内部不同环境介质定点采样和室内分析,研究了绿洲主要非点源污染物氮素和磷素在绿洲内部不同环境介质中的分布和相互迁移规律。研究发现绿洲河流中的氮和磷的含量呈现出沿河流流向上升趋势,河水中氮素含量最低值(0.399mg/L)出现在河流出山口,最高值(1.707mg/L)出现在人类活动密集区的绿洲核心地区,该值比源头的第一个最低值增加了3倍,相当于每1km约增加了9.6μg/L;河水中的磷素含量最低值同样是出现在了河流出山口,含量为3.13mg/L,最高值出现在绿洲末端,为26.46mg/L。农田土壤中的氮和磷的含量普遍高于农田边缘地区的非耕作土壤,不同农作物土壤中的氮和磷的含量也有所不同,稻田土壤中氮含量相对于别的农田较高为0.338g/kg,果园土壤中的磷含量较高为0.367g/kg。采集的农田排水中氮和磷的含量普遍比河水中的含量高,最高已高出3倍以上。不同环境介质中氮素和磷素含量相关性而言农田排水和河水氮素含量,农田土壤和河水中的磷素之间的相关性较高说明它们之间氮素和磷素的相互转移比较明显。     

大庆龙凤湿地土壤理化性质与硒元素分布关系研究

为了解大庆龙凤湿地土壤理化性质对硒的含量、形态与分布的影响,对大庆龙凤湿地保护区4个样区20个样点4个不同层次土样中硒的含量、形态、分布以及部分理化性质进行了研究。结果表明:大庆龙凤湿地土壤全硒含量为121～150μg/kg,由于硒淋溶流失的影响,随土壤深度的增加,全硒含量无明显变化;有效硒总量为22～28μg/kg,包括水溶态硒、交换态硒与富啡酸态硒三种形态。影响土壤硒的主要因素包括土壤有机质、土壤黏粒含量及pH值,其中土壤有机质、黏粒含量与硒含量之间存在正相关关系,土壤pH值与硒含量存在极显著的负相关关系。     

柚子皮总黄酮提取工艺的研究

以柚子皮为试验原料,采用乙醇浸提法从柚子皮中提取总黄酮,研究柚子皮提取总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在提取温度为90℃的情况下,提取时间2 h,乙醇浓度50%,稀释倍数20倍时总黄酮提取率最高,达0.607%。     

松材线虫病危害对马尾松营养物质的影响

在福建省闽侯县南通镇建南村坑柄山场,对30年生健康、感染松材线虫病初期和末期的马尾松树干样品的可溶性糖、总糖、蛋白质等营养物质含量进行测定和比较。结果表明:松材线虫病的侵染可导致马尾松树干可溶性糖、总糖、蛋白质含量下降。与健康植株相比,感病植株的可溶性糖、总糖、蛋白质含量均极显著下降;与感病初期的植株相比,感病末期植株的可溶性糖、总糖、蛋白质含量亦极显著下降。     

Effect of a seaweed mixture on serum lipid level and platelet aggregation in rats

ABSTRACT:   To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis ('Arame'), Hizikia fusiformis ('Hijiki') and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls ('Mekabu'), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis ('Susabinori'), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis , H. fusiformis , U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis , is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats.