白羽瘤头鸭不同生长阶段的甲状腺活动

本文报道了用放射免疫分析法测定５７例不同日龄的白羽瘤头鸭（Ｃａｉｒｉｎａｍｏｓｈａｔａ）外用血清中Ｔ４的含量和用组织学方法检查甲状腺滤泡的发育作为甲状腺活动的指标，研究不同日龄的生长速度与甲状腺活动的关系。５７例白羽瘤头鸭的血清Ｔ４含量平均为１．３６±０．３７μｇ／１００ｍｌ，其中１—４０日龄甲状腺的分泌活动除２０日龄外，其他的均随着日龄增长而升高，分泌的高峰出现在４０日龄，以后随日龄增长而下降。４０日龄组血清Ｔ４的含量与１、１０、２０、６０、和９０日龄组比较，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清Ｔ４的波动与相对生长率之间有统计学强的正相关，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。组织切片检查，刚出壳的雏鸭甲状腺滤泡小。１０—４０日龄甲状腺滤泡随日龄的增长而增大，滤泡腔被甲状腺球蛋白所组成的蛋白质凝胶的均质液所充满、着色深而均匀。６０—９０日龄鸭甲状腺滤泡虽然增大，但其内部凝胶的均质液充满不完全或空虚，着色浅而不均匀。各日龄组甲状腺滤泡的变化和甲状腺分泌的含量变化与Ｔ４的波动相一致。     

日粮蛋白水平对生长牦牛血液中若干代谢激素和代谢物的影响

对３头生长阉牦牛在饲喂等能（９．６ＭＪＭＥ／ｋｇＤＭ）不同蛋白水平的日粮时的外周血液若干代谢激素和代谢物浓度进行测定。结果表明，日粮蛋白水平由８％升至１２％后，生长牦牛血清尿素氮浓度增加３９．０％，血糖水平升高６３．５％，血清胰岛素水平升高７６．３％，Ｔ３浓度降低２０．７％，Ｔ４浓度不变，皮质醇浓度则由２．０１μｇ／ｄｌ全部降到检测线以下。     

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog,pyriproxyfen, on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, pyriproxyfen, on various developmental stadia of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were determined on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 0.064 or 0.128 g AI liter(-1) on leaves (residual contact-ingestion), thrips (direct contact) and leaf-thrips (residue contact-ingestion-direct contact). Pyriproxyfen did not have any significant lethal effects on thrips pupae in any treatment. Lethal effects on thrips larvae varied depending on application method and dosage. In the leaf and the leaf-thrips treatments, few larvae and pre-pupae molted to the next stage, and none developed to adults. In contrast, in the thrips-only treatment, pyriproxyfen did not show any significant lethal effects. The developmental times of larvae and pre-pupae were prolonged when larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen, and those of pre-pupae and pupae were shortened when pre-pupae and pupae were treated. The longevity and survival rates of thrips adults were generally shorter when they contacted and ingested pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than those in water control. Significantly fewer progeny (0.22-1.15 larvae per female) were produced by females that had fed on and been in contact with the pyriproxyfen-treated leaves than by those in the water control (11.94 larvae per female). However, the number of progeny produced by the thrips females increased significantly (3.32-7.28 larvae per female) when the females were transferred to untreated leaves after feeding on treated leaves for 5 days; the daily larval hatching pattern was similar to those in water control, indicating that female adults were able to produce viable eggs when untreated food was offered.     

鱼类主要内分泌激素和蛋白质代谢的关系

本文就鱼类主要的内分泌激素(T3、T4、GH、IGF-Ⅰ)对蛋白质代谢的调控以及饲料蛋白质质量和数量对鱼类内分泌激素分泌的调控进行概述。     

山羊FSH类似物基因构建及其表达

以HCGβ亚基羧基末端延长肽CTP基因为连接序列，重组山羊FSHα和β亚基基因，获得单链gFSHβ-CTP-α，克隆人表达载体pVITRO，测序后转染CHO细胞。结果表明，成功完成了单链山羊FSH类似物表达载体的构建，并得到稳定表达的CHO细胞株，其表达量为0．120mIU／mL，为进一步研究CTP结构与功能的关系，以及长效FSH制剂的研制奠定了分子基础。     

Application of time-resolved fluorometry to immunoassays for bovine reproductive hormones

The principle of time‐resolved fluorometry with lanthanide chelates was established in the 1980s, but in the field of animal sciences it has not been widely applied to immunoassays. However, immunoassays that utilize time‐resolved fluorometry are possible alternatives to radioimmunoassays, since they can attain high sensitivity without safety risks. In this short review, we introduce the development of time‐resolved immunoassays for inhibin A, inhibin B and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and describe their application to the investigation of FSH regulation in male and female cattle. The results obtained using these newly developed immunoassays indicate that inhibin A acts as a feedback regulator for FSH secretion in female cattle, whereas inhibin A, and probably inhibin B, do so in male cattle.     

牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠生殖器官指数及生殖激素水平的影响

通过给不同月龄雄性W istar大鼠饮用添加1%牛磺酸或1%β-丙氨酸(牛磺酸转运抑制剂)的自来水,研究牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠体重、生殖器官指数及生殖激素分泌水平的影响。结果表明:牛磺酸对不同月龄大鼠体重、睾丸指数、前列腺指数没有明显的影响,但显著提高了14月龄大鼠的精囊腺指数;显著提高不同月龄雄性大鼠的血清睾酮水平(P<0.05),对血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平没有显著的影响。     

Effects of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, on development of the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor

Pyriproxyfen, an analog of the juvenile hormone (JH) in insects, has been evaluated in vivo and in vitro on an important stored product pest, the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. On newly ecdysed pupae, this insect growth regulator (IGR) was applied topically (at 0.10 and 0.20 μg/insect). Enzyme immunoassay measurements showed a decrease of the ecdysteroid titer in the hemolymph of treated specimens. In addition, the treatment induced an increase of the protein concentration in the hemolymph, however, there was no significant effect on the protein band pattern. Using in vitro pupal integument explant cultures, pyriproxyfen (at 1 and 10 μM in the medium) caused a significant inhibition of ecdysteroid amounts and of the thickness of new cuticle secreted. These new results are discussed in relation to the physiology of this IGR with a JH action.     

肠道激素和食欲的关系

食欲的调控涉及到中枢和外周神经系统和内分泌系统。最近的研究结果显示一些消化道激素(ghre lin、神经肽YY、胰多肽、GLP-1和胃泌酸调节素)在有下丘脑调控的食欲过程中扮演一定的生理角色。这表明消化道激素食欲调控系统可能是研发抗肥胖病药物以及调节动物食欲的一个有潜力的对象。     

干奶期不同能量水平对奶牛血中神经肽 Y和生长激素浓度的影响

将健康围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组．预产前28d按奶牛营养需要分别饲喂100％、120％、80％能量日粮，产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准的产奶日粮，至产后56d结束，观测干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康奶牛血中神经肽Y和生长激素浓度的影响。结果表明，干奶期低能量日粮饲喂，奶牛血中神经肽和生长激素浓度均高于其他2组，从产前14d至产后28d组间差异显著（P〈0.01；P〈0.05），提示低能量饲料饲喂干奶期奶牛，产后能量负平衡得到缓解。