8种原生蔬菜氨基酸组成及营养评价

对8种原生蔬菜氨基酸含量及组成进行分析测定,并采用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数分法对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明,8种原生蔬菜氨基酸含量丰富,种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量较高,占总氨基酸含量的38.36%~44.08%;鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的21.46%~26.59%。模糊识别法评价蛋白质营养价值高低为：苦菜〉羽衣甘蓝〉九层塔〉紫背天葵〉番杏〉猫薄荷〉芹菜〉马齿苋〉马兰〉空心菜〉卷心菜〉生菜;用氨基酸比值系数分法评价,蛋白质营养价值高低为：番杏〉芹菜〉苦菜〉马兰〉九层塔〉紫背天葵〉羽衣甘蓝〉猫薄荷〉卷心菜〉生菜〉马齿苋〉空心菜。2种评价方法的评价结果不尽一致,但是总体上可以得出,原生蔬菜氨基酸组成平衡且优质,其蛋白质营养价值高于 所选的普通蔬菜对照品种,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

Combined approaches to identify genomic regions involved in phenotypic differentiation between low divergent breeds: Application in Sardinian sheep populations

Selective breeding has led to modifications in the genome of many livestock breeds. In this study, we identified the genomic regions that may explain some of the phenotypic differences between two closely related breeds from Sardinia. A total of 44 animals, 20 Sardinian Ancestral Black (SAB) and 24 Sardinian White (SW), were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50K array. A total of 68, 38 and 15 significant markers were identified using the case–control genome‐wide association study (GWAS), the Bayesian population differentiation analysis (F_ST) and the Rsb metric, respectively. Comparisons among the approaches revealed a total of 22 overlapping markers between GWAS and F_ST and one marker between GWAS and Rsb. Three markers detected by Rsb were also located near (<2 Mb) to highly significant regions identified by GWAS and F_ST analyses. Moreover, one candidate marker identified by GWAS and F_ST approaches was located in a run of homozygosity island that was shared by both breeds. We identified several genes involved in many phenotypic differences (such as stature and growth, reproduction, ear size, coat colour, behaviour) between the two analysed breeds. This study shows that combining several genome‐wide approaches could improve discovery of regions involved in the variability of breeding traits and responsible for the phenotypic diversity even between closely related breeds. Overall, the combination of such genome‐wide methods can be extended to other livestock breeds that share between them a similar genetic background, to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability between closely related populations.     

西北干旱区水资源可持续利用的流域管理浅析

提出了水资源可持续利用的管理内容及西北干旱区水资源流域管理原则,并阐述了西北干旱区水资源可持续利用对策。     

基于图像处理的边坡表面状态检测方法研究

针对图像边坡表面状态发生的变化检测,提出了一种新的智能检测方法。人工设置两个目标体,一个作为参考标识点,一个作为监测点,标识点具有特殊的颜色（红色）与形状（圆形）,以两者之间的相对位移来表征边坡的状态变化。该方法由以下4个环节构成：选取特定目标体,设置目标体;将图像转换到HIS空间,提取特定的颜色---红色,确定感兴趣区域（ROI）;进行图像二值化,确定感兴趣区域的中心坐标;通过位移判定准则判定边坡表面状态是否发生变化。实验证明,该方法具有鲁棒性好、检测准确率高等特点。     

气温升高对河北省棉花熟区划分的影响

气候变暖使得棉花生长期间的热量资源增加,导致河北省棉花熟区范围发生变化。为了明确河北省棉花熟区的具体变化情况,根据2000～2008年河北省≥10℃积温的气象资料,对河北省的棉花熟区重新进行了划分。结果表明：河北省不同熟区界限均北移,中熟棉区范围明显增大,中早熟区面积减小,早熟区面积变化不大。该研究结果可为不同棉区选择合适熟性的品种提供参考。     

农牧交错带在持续发展战略中的特殊地位

农牧交错带是指从我国西部牧区到东部农区,从干旱地区向湿润地区,以及从高原到平原、盆地的过渡地带。地处我国东部地区的风、水源头,具有防风固沙、涵养水分、净化江河、防止水土流失的特殊生态地位。拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气和水力电能资源,是国民经济持续发展的能源基地。它的西北侧有辽阔的草原和大量家畜,东南侧紧靠我国的玉米生产地带。充分运用现代农牧产业技术将二者科学地结合起来,充分发挥农、牧、林三大系统的耦合效应,其效果可成数倍地提高。二十一世纪很可能成为继东南沿海之后,我国经济发展的第二条黄金地带。     

基于侧柏液流的测定对Granier原始公式系数进行校正

为研究Granier原始公式计算单株树木蒸腾耗水量的准确性,以侧柏作为研究对象,采用热消散方法测定在15、30、50、70和90cm水柱高度形成不同压力梯度下的树干液流通量密度,并以称重法作为对照,利用回归分析方法拟合称重法测定的液流通量密度与热消散法测定的树干液流温差系数(K值),进而建立校正公式.结果表明:基于侧柏校正的Granier公式为Fd=0.0115K0.5581(R2=0.8319).与称重法测定的液流通量密度相比,校正的Granier公式计算的结果略高(6.70±0.02)％,而Granier原始公式计算的则低估(78.53±0.04)％.由此可知,采用校正的Granier公式计算侧柏的液流通量密度具有较高的精度.     

Does space matter? Optimizing stocking density of Holothuria arguinensis and Holothuria mammata

Stocking density is an important factor affecting growth in aquaculture. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on Holothuria arguinensis and Holothuria mammata's growth and determine the optimal density. Four different stocking densities were selected for H. arguinensis (1, 3, 5 and 7 ind/0.2 m²) and three for H. mammata (6, 10 and 12 ind/0.5 m²). Growth (specific growth rate (SGR) and growth rate (GR)), weight change, coefficient of variation and productivity were estimated, additionally the feeding rate on H. mammata. Growth on H. arguinensis decreased as the stocking density increased, showing the higher growth at the stocking density of 1 ind/0.2 m² (SGR: 1.24%/day ± 0.16 and GR: 0.94 g/day ± 0.05), with a 104.65% (±9.98) of weight change. The best H. mammata growth was registered at 10 ind/m² (SGR: 0.56% ± 0.04%/day and GR: 0.48 ± 0.04 g/day) and 25.48% (±1.52) of weight change. H. mammata feeding rate decreased as stocking density increased. Crowding stress could be considered the main factor affecting the sea cucumbers growth and performance on our study. The optimal stocking density for H. arguinensis and H. mammata under tank‐based conditions were established as 1 ind/0.2 m² and 5 ind/0.5 m² respectively. The critic biomass for H. arguinensis (471.65 g/m²) and for H. mammata (988.11 g/m²) were reached during the experiment at the fourth and fifth weeks respectively. Therefore, to ensure and increase growth of these species under tank, their biomass should be maintained under those thresholds.     

贵蚕七号原蚕羽化及产卵性能研究

为掌握贵蚕七号组合原蚕781×57A和7532×826的羽化和产卵性状,进行了原蚕羽化发蛾习性研究以及原蚕雌蛾产卵速度和不同交配时间对卵质影响的研究,结果表明:原蚕羽化集中,雌蛾拆对后7h盛产卵,产卵快而集中,卵质优良。两原种对交时间在1—4h,随着交配时间的延长,不受精卵减少,产卵量增加。     

区域模型在黄土高原丘陵区尺度转换研究中的应用

针对黄土高原的土地可持续利用研究方法中的尺度转换研究需要,利用较为先进的土地情景利用规划思路与土壤侵蚀与生产力测算模型APEX(AgriculturalPolicy/EnvironmentaleXtender),对于黄土高原区域综合治理典型面积为8.27km2的纸坊沟流域土地利用结构进行了模拟计算。结果表明,模型模拟计算的水土流失量与实际观测量的误差小于10%,5年加权平均的作物模拟产量与实测值的差异不显著。据此计算了55km2县南沟不同轮作方式、不同耕作措施等生产设计所产生的不同结果,并经由计算结果做出比较分析。