国有林场木材产、销、存计算机辅助管理系统

阐述国有林场木材产、销、存计算机辅助管理系统的设计目标、运行环境、运行特点、数据流程图及系统功能。运用该系统可进行进出仓材积、价格、金额计算 ,各种报表生成和打印 ,完全避免木材生产销售中的计算差错和损失 ,从而提高林场的经营管理水平 ,也便于快速获取各种数据 ,为经营决策提供科学依据。     

野生西藏虎头兰组培技术研究

以野生西藏虎头兰种子为试验材料,应用组培技术开展种子无菌播种、原球茎诱导芽分化、试管苗生根等试验,初步筛选出不同发育阶段的培养基配方。种子萌发培养基为:Hyponex 1号1 g.L-1+Hyponex 2号1 g.L-1+6-BA1 mg.L-1+10%香蕉汁+2%苹果汁+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1+AC 1 g.L-1,种子萌发率达90%～98%;原球茎分化最佳培养基为:MS+NAA1 mg.L-1+5%香蕉汁+2%苹果汁+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1+AC1 g.L-1,芽分化率高达89%;壮苗生根最佳培养基为:1/2 MS+NAA1 mg.L-1+5%香蕉汁+AC 1.5 g.L-1+蔗糖20 g.L-1+琼脂6 g.L-1,生根率达100%。     

阜平表壳岩的地质特征

依据野外调查资料和室内化学分析，组建了阜平表壳岩的填图单元，单元分为阜平表壳岩上部和阜平表壳岩下部岩石。上部岩石原岩为沉积岩，属角闪岩相，无紫苏辉石，具有变余沉积层理和韵律构造，塑性变形差，从下到上可见片麻岩、浅粒岩、大理岩、斜长角闪岩的大韵律，角闪岩中还见小韵律；上部表壳岩的斜长角闪岩中SiO2、CaO、Mg0的含量均高于下部1％左右。下部岩石原岩为火山岩，见变余火山杏仁状构造和枕状构造，为麻粒岩相，含紫苏辉石，塑性变形强烈，原岩构造保留较少。上下岩石无直接接触关系，从下部岩石中测得Rb-Sr全岩同位素年龄为2700～2900Ma，属太古代岩石。     

竹材原态多方重组材指接设备优化设计

对竹材原态多方重组材料纵向指接机进行了优化设计,阐述了指接机的工作原理、液压结构及设计原理,对指接机进行了运行试生产.将铣指加工的短料坯件涂胶后对接,通过指接机加压挤压,经过冷固化后使其成型.试验表明,竹材原态多方重组纵向指接机设计压力合理,运行平稳,能有效阻止多方重组材对接后因受压而产生的错位与滑动,生产的多方重组竹材的力学性能可达到相关标准的要求.     

Analysis of the change in the original Metasequoia glyptostroboides population and its environment in Lichuan, Hubei from 1948 to 2003

Lichuan, located at the foot of the Wuling Mountain in southwest Hubei Province of central China, is well known in the world for the discovery of the living fossil Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng in the 1940s. Its natural habitat has been well protected by the Chinese government. In order to provide a scientific foundation for the protection of the Metasequoia resource, it has become necessary to analyze the changes in the original, natural Metasequoia mother trees (ONMMT) and their environment from 1948 to 2003. The results and countermeasures are as follows: First, the distribution areas have little changed, involving four towns/farmland, 45 villages, 5,746 individual trees in 1983 and 5,388 trees in 2003, covering nearly 600 km², with an average density of less than 0.1 tree/hm². The Metasequoia distribution consists of two main types: a scattered distribution type found mainly at the foothills or near houses, roads, villages and rivers while the population distribution type is found mainly at the mountains and valleys with a minority at low elevations in the mountains and basins. The largest Metasequoia populations have 105 and 123 trees. Second, in the past, attention was only paid to the protection of individual trees while the protection of the Metasequoia population and environment was neglected. This led to a shift from the past mixed forests to pure Metasequoia forests, with a simpler structure, reduced biodiversity and conditions non-conducive for natural renewal. From 1983 to 2003, 386 original Metasequoia mother trees died. So it is vital to enhance the protection of the only original Metasequoia population in the world and its habitat. Third, modern ecological means should be taken to protect the original Metasequoia population and its habitat. Research on the restoration and rehabilitation of Metasequoia vegetation should be carried out. Restoration and rehabilitation should be put into practice in the Xiaohe Valley, where the highest concentration of Metasequoia is found. Fourth, efficient measures should be taken to stop human activities that are harmful to Metasequoia and to improve the environment of ONMMT in order to promote the protection of the ONMMT population and its ecosystem. Eco-emigration and the return of marginal agricultural land to forestry can be practiced. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(5): 972–977 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(5): 972–977]     

Protection of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng in China

Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng) is an important but endangered tree species. In a sense, the course of protection of the metasequoia can be considered a miniature of the history of the protection of rare Chinese plants over the past 50 years. The approval and establishment of the National Class Nature Reserve for metasequoia is a milestone in this course. A thorough understanding of this course is beneficial to design the correct future protection plans and for taking effective measures. In this paper the entire protection course of metasequoia is reviewed, three detailed measures are proposed according to the present situation and existing problems and discussed as follows. 1) We should reinforce unceasingly the establishment of National Nature Reserves of metasequoia, put emphasis on the protection of the original natural mother trees (ONMTs) of metasequoia, design farsighted projects to protect the ONMTs and strictly implement and enforce the regulations or laws regarding the protection of metasequoia. The establishment and functions of the organization should meet the demands of protecting the ONMTs and developing metasequoias. The budget should support and the quality of the personnel assigned to this task should satisfy the protection and development of the ONMTs. We should also promote the complete protection of the ONMTs at the same time and strengthen the protection and restoration of the ONMTs and their ecosystem in the Xiaohe valley, Lichuan County, Hubei Province, one of the natural concentration areas of ONMTs in the world. 2) A gene bank should be established for comprehensive protection of the genes of ex-isting original mother trees of metasequoia. 3) The key is to study the theoretical fundamentals of restoration and re-establishment of natural vegetation of metasequoia in the Xiaohe valley to harmonize the relation among environmental departments, forestry sectors, academies of sciences and other educational or research units, to carry out scientific research and strengthen academic exchanges to promote jointly the protection and utilization of metasequoia and other natural resources in China.     

浅议岩土工程勘察中的野外钻探

野外钻探是岩土工程勘察的基础和技术依据,其质量的好坏直接影响到报告的准确性。但在实际操作过程中,野外钻探存在许多问题,应该引起从业人员的足够重视。本文主要介绍野外钻探的任务和内容,并简要分析操作过程中存在的问题。     

遥感植被指数在重点国有林区“三总量”伐区检查中的应用研究——以对鹤立林业局的研究为例

以鹤立林业局为研究区域,以2007年"三总量"检查的TM遥感判读区划结果和抽样现地检查结果为基础资料,分析了同期遥感数据之间、不同年份遥感数据之间采伐地块的植被指数变化,以及不同采伐方式和不同采伐强度与植被指数变化的关系,为利用遥感数据进行"三总量"检查进行了有益的探索和实践。     

城步县退耕还林工程建设成效分析

自2002年退耕还林工程在城步县实施以来,取得了显著的成效,生态改善、农民增收、农村产业结构调整、农村发展的巨大综合效益不断显现,在解决“三农问题”和建设社会主义新农村中所发挥的作用越来越明显,针对退耕还林工程目前存在的主要问题提出相应的对策。     

余甘子二龄结果母枝强修剪对一龄结果母枝的影响

采用整体分析和单因子分析相结合的方法,探讨余甘子二龄结果母枝强修剪处理对一龄结果母枝特性的影响。整体分析表明,强修剪处理对选取的五因子在整体上有极显著影响(Λ<Λ_(0.01))。单因子方差分析由Λ统计量转换而成,转换结果表明,二龄结果母枝强修剪处理对一龄结果母枝长、一龄结果母枝粗、一龄结果母枝结果枝数有极显著影响,对结果枝长有显著影响,对结果枝叶数无显著影响。强修剪处理使穗条(一龄结果母枝)在数量上增加,质量提高。这项研究为余甘子优树繁殖,结果、采穗两用果园的建立及树体生长、生殖平衡控制,提供了依据;提出了区间重叠度概念,并探讨了重叠度与处理有效性的关系;同时探讨了单因子显著性与因子组合显著性之间的关系。