沙棘籽油防治急性放射性粘膜炎的实验与临床

本文在沙棘籽油动物实验研究基础上,观察其对急性放射性粘膜炎的治疗作用。第一阶段首先用6MV直线加速器对34只大鼠予以35Gy的照射,然后将其随机分为2周给药组、2周模型组、3周给药组和3周模型组,另设正常对照组。实验过程中对动物称重及采血测定SOD、MDA值,处死大鼠后进行病理学观察。第二阶段对100例头颈部和胸部肿瘤患者随机分为两组,粘膜炎预防用药组与对照组共51例,两组用药与放疗同期进行;食管炎治疗组与对照组共49例,待放疗出现l级放射性粘膜炎后用药。实验研究证实：（1）沙棘籽油对于大鼠受照射所致的急性放射性食管炎具有防护作用;（2）沙棘籽油可降低患者急性放射性口腔粘膜炎的毒性分级,缓解急性放射性疼痛,对急性放射性食管粘膜炎有很好的疗效,有助于顺利完成放疗疗程。     

肠炎沙门菌噬菌体vB_SalP_QS的生物学特性及治疗小鼠沙门菌肠道感染的研究

为探索针对耐药沙门菌的噬菌体治疗方法,以沙门菌SE-21为宿主菌,从污水中分离得到一株烈性噬菌体并命名为vB_SalP_QS。在鉴定vB_SalP_QS生物学特性的基础上,对vB_SalP_QS和vB_SalP_SE29混合噬菌体治疗由沙门菌SE-21引起小鼠肠炎的治疗效果进行评价。结果表明：1）电镜观察可见该噬菌体属于有尾病毒目（Caudovirales）,其效价为8×10⁸ PFU/mL。2）vB_SalP_QS的最佳感染复数（MOI）为0.01,潜伏期为40 min,裂解期为50 min。温度为4~60 ℃具有较好的活性,在pH 4~pH 10范围内非常稳定。平板点滴法试验表明vB_SalP_QS可以裂解17株沙门菌,裂解率为44.7%。3）噬菌体vB_SalP_QS的全基因组测序分析显示,噬菌体vB_SalP_QS全长42 293 bp,GC含量为49%,共含有72个开放阅读框,且不含有溶源性、毒力因子及整合酶基因。4）小鼠体内治疗试验显示,宿主菌SE-21对小鼠最小致死量为5×10⁸ CFU/mL,感染小鼠经vB_SalP_QS （100 μL 1×10⁷ PFU/mL）和vB_SalP_SE29 （100 μL 1×10⁷ PFU/mL）混合治疗后存活率为100%,单独用vB_SalP_QS治疗组 （200 μL 1×10⁷ PFU/mL）的小鼠存活率为80%,单独用vB_SalP_SE29治疗组（200 μL 1×10⁷ PFU/mL）的小鼠存活率为70%,对照组全部死亡。5）病理组织观察表明,混合噬菌体可以有效杀灭沙门菌SE-21的同时,还能更好地保护小鼠肠绒毛,可显著提高感染SE-21的小鼠存活率。综上,噬菌体vB_SalP_QS具有良好的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性以及安全性,混合噬菌体联合治疗效果优于噬菌体单一治疗。本研究为噬菌体制剂治疗沙门菌感染提供了重要依据,也为混合噬菌体鸡尾酒疗法的临床应用奠定基础。     

Farriery for the foal: A review part 1: Basic trimming

The extensive nature of this topic warrants this review paper to be divided into two parts: ‘Routine basic trimming in foals’ and ‘Therapeutic farriery in foals’. Hoof care in the first few months of life is serious business and should never be taken lightly. Good farriery is vital for the development of the hoof capsule and the conformation of the limb. Management of the feet and limbs during the juvenile period will often dictate the success of the foal as a sales yearling or mature sound athlete. Overall hoof care of a foal is often a joint venture between the veterinarian and the farrier. Part 1 of this paper will outline the concept of a footcare programme, examination of the foal's feet and limbs along with what constitutes good basic farriery to properly apply the trim. It will also emphasise the importance of maintaining a good veterinarian-farrier relationship - the farrier being responsible for basic trimming with veterinary oversight when necessary, and if orthopaedic disorders develop, the farrier will have significant input with therapeutic farriery.     

穿心莲内酯干混悬剂对人工感染大肠杆菌致肉鸡腹泻的药效评价

本试验旨在评价穿心莲内酯干混悬剂对大肠杆菌感染致肉鸡腹泻的治疗效果,为其临床应用提供试验依据。选取12日龄健康试验鸡300只,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只。包括空白对照组、大肠杆菌ETECO101攻毒组、大肠杆菌攻毒加100和200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂及60 mg·L^-1粘菌素组。肉鸡15日龄通过腹腔注射0.2 mL含5×10⁸ cfu·mL^-1 ETECO101的生理盐水感染细菌,空白对照组腹腔注射0.2 mL生理盐水。细菌感染前3 d开始通过饮水给药,早、晚各给药1次,每次每个重复700 mL,连续给药至攻菌后第3天停止给药。每组随机选取1个重复,于攻菌后24 h和第5天分别选取6只鸡采血、剖检和取组织样,用于肝组织病理学观察、小肠微结构分析、免疫器官指数测定和血液生化指标分析。每组剩余3个重复（45只）试验至攻菌后第7天,计算存活率、粪便评分、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）,以评价药物的药效。结果显示,相对于ETECO101组,药物含量为100和200 mg·L^-1的穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组肉鸡存活率分别提高13.3和17.8个百分点（P<0.05）,减轻大肠杆菌感染导致的腹泻,显著提高肉鸡ADG （P<0.01）和ADFI（P<0.01）;200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组显著地增加了攻菌后24 h肉鸡脾脏和法氏囊指数（P<0.01）,降低了攻菌后第5天肉鸡血清中球蛋白（GLB）和白蛋白（ALB）含量（P<0.05）,有效地抑制肉鸡血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量的增加,提高肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力（P<0.01）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力（P<0.01）。同时,200 mg·L^-1穿心莲内酯干混悬剂组可显著改善肉鸡空肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值。综上所述,饮水中添加穿心莲内酯干混悬剂可减少大肠杆菌感染导致的鸡死亡,改善肉鸡生长性能、血清氧化应激状态和空肠肠道形态,提高法氏囊指数,对大肠杆菌感染而导致的肉鸡腹泻具有显著疗效。     

神蜂精外用加局部刮疗法治疗肩关节周围炎

37例肩关节周围炎患者用神蜂精涂于患部及相关穴位 ,并用多功能牛角保健刮板刮疗 ,痊愈 32例 ,占86 .5% ;显效 5例 ,占 13.5% .表明神蜂精外用治疗肩关节周围炎疗效显著 .     

抗生素联合使用对肉鸡呼吸道综合症治疗效果的影响

选用四种针对呼吸系统的抗生素,通过对发病鸡群进行集中饮水投药,对不同成分的抗生素在肉鸡呼吸道综合症中的治疗效果进行评价。结果显示：鸡群饮用10%阿奇霉素和10%替米考星后,死亡率降低10%,采食量提高了24%;饮用泰妙菌素和多西环素,死亡率降低7%,采食量提高14%;饮用单纯的泰妙菌素后,死亡率降低5%,采食量提高5%。结果表明：抗生素有选择的联合使用能有效提高肉鸡呼吸道综合症的治疗效果,降低产生耐药性的可能,能防治肉鸡饲养管理过程中出现的病症,降低总体饲养成本,提高肉鸡生产的经济效益。     

Parturient Paresis in the Cow: Serum Ionized Calcium Concentrations Before and after Treatment with Different Calcium Solutions – Classification of Different Degrees of Hypo- and Hypercalcemia

Serum ionized calcium concentrations (Ca_F) were determined in 87 Swedish red-and-white cows and 10 Swedish Friesian cows with clinical signs of parturient paresis. All cows were in the week prior to or after parturition. A classification of the severity of hypocalcemia in terms of serum ionized calcium was devised. Eight cows had normal serum ionized calcium concentrations (Cap 1.06–1.26 mmol/1); 15 had slight (Ca_F 0.80–1.05 mmol/1); 43 a moderate (Ca_F 0.50–0.79 mmol/1), and 31 asevere (Ca_F < 0.50 mmol/1) hypocalcemia.All cows were given 8 or 8.3 g of calcium intravenously. Of 8 normocalcemic cows 7 (87.5 %) reached a maximum posttreatment serum ionized calcium concentration > 1.80 mmol/1 (severe hypercalcemia). This was also found in 13 of 15 (86.7 %) slightly hypocalcemic cows and in 31 of 43 (72.1 %) moderately hypocalcemic cows. In the severe hypocalcemia group 14 of 31 (45.2 %) had maximum posttreatment Cap > 1.80 mmol/1).These findings emphazise the need of a rapid pretreatment evaluation of the degree of hypocalcemia. The present study also underlined the difficulty in predicting serum ionized calcium from serum total calcium concentrations.     

Effects of barefoot trimming on hoof morphology

Objective To monitor changes in hoof morphology in response to barefoot trimming. Methods Seven horses were trimmed every 6 weeks according to barefoot trimming principles, which involved levelling the hoof to live sole, lowering the heels, bevelling the toe and rounding the peripheral wall, while leaving the sole, frog and bars intact. A 4‐month period was allowed to lower the heels sufficiently to achieve a hoof shape representative of the barefoot trim. This was regarded as the starting point for morphological adaptations in response to maintenance of the trim. Hoof morphology was measured from lateral, dorsal and solar view photographs and lateromedial radiographs taken at 0, 4 and 16 months. Changes from 0 to 4 months represented differences between a natural hoof shape and the trim, while changes from 4 to 16 months represented adaptive effects during hoof growth. Results Establishment of the barefoot trim involved significant shortening of the toe, heel and medial and lateral walls, with increases in angulation at the toe, medial and lateral walls, but not at the heel. Maintenance of the trim resulted in a palmar/plantar migration of the heels, with increases in support length, heel angle and solar angle of the distal phalanx (P3). Conclusions Bevelling the toe and engaging the frog and bars in the weight‐bearing function of the foot resulted in elevation of the heel angle and solar angle of P3. These changes may be beneficial in treating under‐run heels and negative solar plane angulation of P3.     

“顽痹”之中医治则掇要

本文认为“顽痹”的治则要点为：扶正祛邪,分清主次先后,常需二者兼顾;明辨标本,审察虚实缓急,多宜标本同治;异法方宜,当因时因地因人,区别对待;宣散温通,据不通之所在而通之,注重温阳通络;综合治疗,多因素、多层次、多属性调治。