水芹的理化特性研究

以"节水型"水芹和贵阳地区的野生水芹为试材,研究了其膨胀力、持水率和束缚重金属离子能力的差异。结果表明:"节水型"水芹叶柄的膨胀力和持水率显著高于水芹叶和野生水芹;野生水芹对Pb2+和Cu2+的最大束缚量显著高于"节水型"水芹,材料间对Pb2+和Cu2+的最小束缚浓度存在显著差异。     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

木薯种质资源淀粉特性分析与评价

为了评价和筛选出淀粉品质优良的木薯资源,对212份国内外栽培木薯种质块根淀粉产量性状及淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、粘度峰值和糊化温度5个重要淀粉特性指标进行研究.结果表明,不同木薯资源各淀粉特性差异较大,不同指标间有一定的相关性,利用概率分级法将8个淀粉产量及特性性状分为5级,即极低、低、中、高和极高,推荐极...     

马铃薯多功能专用肥配方筛选及其对土壤理化性质的影响

在甘肃省河西内陆灌区的耕种栗钙土上,采用田间试验方法,研究了多功能专用肥配方筛选及与土壤理化性质和马铃薯经济效益间的关系。结果表明：影响马铃薯产量因素由大到小的顺序依次是：多元复混肥>保水剂>聚乙烯醇＞5406菌剂＞糠醛渣;因素间最佳组合是：5406菌剂101.25 kg·hm^-2、多元复混肥1 500 kg·hm^-2、保水剂22.50 kg·hm^-2、聚乙烯醇67.50 kg·hm^-2、糠醛渣11.25 kg·hm< sup>-2。多功能专用肥施肥量与土壤孔隙度、团聚体、蓄水量、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、微生物数量、马铃薯植物学性状、经济性状和产量呈正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH呈负相关关系。随着多功能专用肥施肥量的增加,马铃薯产量、肥料贡献率在增加,但边际产量、边际利润在递减,多功能专用肥施肥量在1.40 t·hm^-2的基础上,再继续增加施肥量,边际利润出现负值。经回归统计分析,多功能专用肥施肥量与马铃薯产量间的肥料效应回归方程是：y=24.79+6.5408x-0.9251x²,经济效益最佳施肥量为1.3999 t·hm^-2,马铃薯理论产量为35.7602 t·hm^-2。在耕种栗钙土上施用多功能专用肥,有效改善了土壤的理化性质和生物学性质,提高了马铃薯的施肥利润和产量。     

玉蜀黍赤霉有性重组体的诱导及其生物学特性

 本研究以硝酸盐营养缺陷型突变体(nit)和多菌灵抗性为遗传标记,在5个所选菌株中设计了3个玉蜀黍赤霉病菌Gibberella zeae的杂交组合,使各菌株之间进行杂交,从而诱导有性重组体。从各杂交组合的后代中任意挑选出3个有性重组体,比较了这些有性重组体与其亲本在无性和有性阶段的主要生物学性状。结果表明,玉蜀黍赤霉中的nit基因及对杀菌剂多菌灵的抗药性基因可以通过有性杂交的方式重组,即发生了有性重组。有性重组体与其亲本在菌落生长、培养性状和致病性方面没有显著差异;但某些有性重组体中,产孢量和产子囊壳能力方面存在一定差异。总体看来,有性重组体仍然保持了较高的适合度。因此,可以认为有性重组在玉蜀黍赤霉群体对多菌灵抗药性发生发展以及群体遗传进化中可能起着重要的作用。     

毛乌素沙地南缘沙区水分入渗特征及其影响因素

水分入渗是土壤水分循环的重要环节。为探明毛乌素沙地生物结皮覆盖沙区水分入渗特征及其影响因素,采用双环法测定不同类型地表(裸沙、浅灰色藻类结皮、黑褐色藻类结皮和藓类结皮,依次用BS、LC、DC和MC表示)水分入渗速率及其土壤理化性质。结果表明:1与BS相比,LC、DC和MC样地初始入渗率分别减少了37.7%、59.2%和73.6%,稳定前平均入渗率分别减少了37.5%、62.2%和81.3%,稳定入渗率分别减少了13.6%、67.4%和78.9%,累计入渗量分别减少了25.8%、61.3%和78.6%。2不同类型地表达到稳定入渗所需的时间在3~8 min;相关性分析结果显示,水分入渗速率与砂粒和土壤容重呈正相关关系,与粉粒、黏粒、结皮厚度、结皮抗剪强度、结皮层容重和有机碳含量呈负相关关系。3主成分分析结果表明,黏粒、结皮抗剪强度和土壤容重是影响该地区水分入渗速率的主要因子。因此,生物结皮在沙丘表面的形成和发育过程中,通过改变土壤的理化性质,减缓了该地区水分入渗速率,增加了降水的径流流失风险。     

土壤物理特性对地下滴灌灌水器流量影响分析

地下滴灌灌水器流量由于受到土壤因素的制约而比地表滴灌流量有所减小,研究土壤物理特性对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响程度对地下滴灌水力计算与工程设计具有重要的理论和实用价值。文中分别选取灌水器工作压力、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率为因素,采取混合水平均匀设计安排试验方案,将归一化处理后的各因素实测数据进行回归分析,估算各试验因素对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响程度。结果表明:地下滴灌中工作压力是决定灌水器流量的主要因素,土壤容重和土壤初始含水率对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响较弱,但在地下滴灌水力计算与工程设计中也不可忽略。     

家蝇免疫血淋巴的性质研究

带菌针刺诱导３６－４８ｈ后家蝇三龄幼虫免疫血淋巴的抑菌活性最高。其中抗菌成分为一种弱碱性物质,具有热稳定性耐低温的特性。毛细管区带电泳证实：针针刺诱导后家蝇免疫血淋巴的吸收峰与对照组大致相同,这表明家蝇抗菌物质的产生可能受结构基因调控。     

陕西关中一年两熟地区保护性耕作关键技术综合效应研究——Ⅰ.对农田土壤环境理化性状的影响

针对陕西关中一年两熟地区应用保护性耕作技术存在的问题,以冬小麦传统翻耕技术为对照,研究了裸地深松间隔年限,裸地与覆盖旋耕,覆盖深松深度,裸地与覆盖免耕,传统与秸秆还田翻耕5种类型10种耕作关键技术对农田土壤环境理化性状的影响。结果表明：两季作物的农田土壤环境理化性状,在裸地深松间隔年限三技术中,均以隔年深松各方面表现较好;在裸地与秸秆覆盖旋耕两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖旋耕各方面表现较好;在秸秆覆盖深松深度两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖深松各方面表现较好;在裸地与秸秆覆盖免耕两技术中,均以秸秆覆盖免耕各方面表现较好;而在翻耕两技术中,均以秸秆还田翻耕各方面表现较好。     

Characterization of a pothos (Scindapsus aureus) virus with unusual properties

A virus for which the name of pothos latent virus (PoLV) is proposed, was isolated by inoculation of sap from symptomless plants ofScindapsus aureus. PoLV had isometric particlesc. 30 nm in diameter, a monopartite genome consisting of a non polyadenylated, single-stranded RNA moleculec. 4,300 nucleotides in length, constitutingc. 17% of the particle weight, and a single type of coat protein subunit with aM _r ofc. 40,000 Daltons. The biological properties (host range reactions) of PoLV resembled those ofTombusviridae for it infected most of the artificial hosts locally, inducing symptoms recalling those elicited by several species of the above family. Like tombus- and carmoviruses, PoLV had two subgenomic RNAs which, however, differed in size from those of both genera. The dsRNA pattern was also distinctly different. Cytopathological features recalled those of tombusviruses except for the lack of multivesicular inclusion bodies. PoLV was serologically related to, but distinct from twoCarmovirus (i.e., galinsoga mosaic and Ahlum waterborne viruses) and threeTombusvirus species (i.e. eggplant mottled crinkle, Sikte waterborne and Lato river viruses). Thus, PoLV had properties somewhat intermediate between those ofTombusvirus andCarmovirus genera but bridged the two taxa through the serological relationship with some of their species. The taxonomic position of PoLV is still undetermined. It must await the results of molecular investigations now underway.