绵羊PDGF-D基因多态性与尾型的关联

旨在研究血小板源性生长因子-D(platelet-derived growth factor-D, PDGF-D)与绵羊尾型的关系,寻找可用的分子标记,同时对前期的研究结果进行验证。本研究在533只绵羊(湖羊、藏羊、杜泊×湖羊杂交羊)试验群体中,选取藏羊、湖羊两个品种各30个个体的血液样本,等量混合分别构建两个DNA混池,对PDGF-D基因的外显子及其上下游1 000 bp扩增,目的片段测序分析后,采用飞行质谱方法对检测到的SNP位点进行基因分型,Haploview4.1软件对突变位点进行连锁不平衡分析,使用SPSS19.0软件对PDGF-D基因SNP位点与尾型性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在PDGF-D基因及其上下游1 000 bp共找到6个突变位点,其中rs5、rs27、rs28与尾长、尾宽及尾周长均相关,rs6、rs19仅与尾长相关,rs13与尾宽、尾周长均显著相关(P<0.05)。连锁不平衡分析结果表明,rs6～rs13之间存在强连锁;组合基因型与尾型关联分析结果显示,CCGG型个体无论是在尾长、尾宽还是在尾周长上,其平均值均显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01)低于其他组合基因型,但在群体中的数量较少。结果表明,PDGF-D基因对绵羊的尾型有着较为显著的影响,其SNP位点作为分子标记对于绵羊尾型选育工作有着一定的指导意义,可考虑将CCGG型作为筛选小尾绵羊的潜在分子标记,但是该基因型个体在群体中所占的比重较小,可适当增强人工选育以扩大数目。     

Congenital malformations of the lumbosacral vertebral column are common in neurologically normal French Bulldogs,English Bulldogs,and Pugs,with breed‐specific differences

Congenital vertebral malformations are common findings on diagnostic imaging of the vertebral column in “screw‐tailed” brachycephalic dogs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of lumbosacral congenital vertebral malformations in French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs presenting for problems unrelated to spinal disease, as well as possible associations with the degree of tail malformation, lumbosacral intervertebral disc herniation, or spondylosis deformans. In this retrospective cross‐sectional study, CT scans of vertebrae L6 to S3 and of the coccygeal vertebrae were reviewed for type of congenital vertebral malformations (hemivertebrae, block vertebrae, lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, and spina bifida), lumbosacral intervertebral disc herniation, lumbosacral spondylosis deformans, and degree of tail malformation. In 76 (51.0%) of the 149 included dogs (53 French Bulldogs, 37 English Bulldogs, and 59 Pugs) at least one type of congenital vertebral malformations was found, with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae being the most common (34.2%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (54.2%) and lower prevalence of hemivertebrae (1.7%) in Pugs compared to English (13.5% and 24.3%, respectively) and French Bulldogs (26.4% and 32.0%, respectively). Tail malformation was significantly more severe in dogs with evidence of hemivertebrae. Congenital vertebral malformations are a common finding in the lumbosacral vertebral column of French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs. These anatomical variances need to be considered when interpreting diagnostic studies and when planning for neurosurgical and neurodiagnostic procedures. Furthermore, this study suggests a possible association between the degree of tail malformation and lumbosacral hemivertebrae.     

河南大尾寒羊染色体核型与G-带分析

【目的】研究河南大尾寒羊染色体核型和G-带。【方法】分离培养河南大尾寒羊外周血淋巴细胞,制备染色体标本和G-带标本,分析河南大尾寒羊的染色体核型和G-带。【结果】河南大尾寒羊二倍体染色体数目为2n=54,公羊核型54,XY;母羊核型54,XX。27对染色体中包括26对常染色体和1对性染色体,常染色体中有3对为中着丝粒染色体,23对为端着丝粒染色体;性染色体中,X染色体为最大的端着丝粒染色体,Y染色体为最小的中着丝粒染色体。河南大尾寒羊G-带与其他绵羊品种的G-带基本一致。【结论】河南大尾寒羊的染色体数目为:2n=54,公羊核型54,XY;母羊核型54,XX。河南大尾寒羊G-带与其他绵羊品种的G-带基本一致。     

长尾彩鲫人工繁殖及苗种体色变化观测试验

采用注射催产药物的方法进行长尾彩鲫人工繁殖及其体色变化观察试验,结果表明：人工催产亲鱼50组,雌雄比为1∶1,雌鱼重7.5kg,平均尾重150.0g,产卵21.00万粒,平均每1kg雌鱼产卵2.80万粒,平均每尾雌鱼产卵4 200粒;孵化鱼苗17.00万尾,孵化率为80.95%。此外,鱼苗入池后经过20d培育,平均尾重0.61g,显现彩红色的比例占3.52%。培育154d后规格达10.10g/尾,显现彩红色的比例占85.80%。总之,采用注射催产药物的方法进行长尾彩鲫人工繁殖,比自然产卵繁殖率提高30.23%;在鱼苗孵化后20d是对鱼类进行体色增色转化的最佳时机;彩鲫规格达10.0g/尾前为淘汰低品位鱼类的理想时间。     

硝基咪唑衍生物作为尿素酶抑制剂的分子对接研究

采用AutoDock软件将一系列已有的硝基咪唑衍生物与尿素酶晶体三维结构进行分子对接研究,以便更好地理解该系列抑制剂与尿素酶的结合方式以及酶-底物复合物与作用机理相关的结构与特征。同时,还考察了一组硝基咪唑衍生物抑制活性与分子对接软件预测的结合能之间的相关性,证明分子对接技术是一种可行的尿素酶抑制剂筛选方法。     

CHORDOMA OF THE TAIL IN A DEGU (OCTODON DEGUS)

A 6-year-old female degu (Octodon degus) in good body condition was presented with a mass at the base of the tail. Following presentation and the owners’ approval, the tail of the degu was surgically amputated. The mass was submitted for pathological evaluation following the surgical procedure. Histologically, the mass was comprised of lobules and sheets of polygonal cells displaying moderate amounts of basophilic foamy cytoplasm (physaliferous cells). The pathological results of the tail mass were consistent with chordoma. Approximately 3 months following the tail amputation the patient died.     

不同地域牛尾毛中稳定同位素指纹差异分析

利用同位素比率质谱仪测定来自黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡和火石山乡、内蒙古太仆寺旗、河北省张家口市和三河市、山东省德州市和聊城市7个地域牛尾毛中的δ13C、δ15N和δ2H值,比较分析了不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定同位素指纹特征差异,探讨不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定同位素组成差异、影响因素及地域差异的范围,为牛肉及其产品同位素指纹溯源技术在实际中的应用提供指导。各区域牛尾毛中δ13C值表现为:黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(-14.83‰±2.12)、河北省三河市(-14.20‰±1.19)、山东省德州市(-14.16‰±2.51)和山东省聊城市(-15.78‰±1.08)>黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(-18.87‰±1.69)、内蒙古太仆寺旗(-19.29‰±2.43)和河北省张家口市(-19.83‰±1.92);δ15 N值为:黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(8.07‰±0.95)>内蒙古太仆寺旗(5.73‰±0.85)、河北省张家口市(6.65‰±1.45)>黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(4.60‰±0.41)、河北省三河市(4.24‰±0.75)、山东省德州市(4.18‰±0.96)和山东省聊城市(4.90‰±0.46);δ2H值为:河北省三河市(-87.78‰±1.99)、山东省德州市(-87.91‰±3.19)和山东省聊城市(-89.24‰±2.90)>河北省张家口市(-94.07‰±3.38)>黑龙江省安达市火石山乡(-97.05‰±3.41)、内蒙古太仆寺旗(-97.55‰±2.79)>黑龙江省安达市青肯泡乡(-102.25‰±2.99)。不同地域来源牛尾毛中稳定碳、氮、氢同位素指纹差异及地域差异范围取决于不同地域喂养牛的饲料组成、地域海拔和纬度的差异程度。     

Synthesis of PPAR-γ Activators Inspired by the Marine Natural Product,Paecilocin A

A series of N-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized based on a pharmacophore study of paecilocin A (a natural PPAR-γ agonist) and synthetic leads. The introduction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to the phthalimide skeleton yielded compounds 3–14. Compound 7 showed significant PPAR-γ activation in a luciferase assay using rat liver Ac2F cells. Docking simulations showed that a free hydroxyl group on the phthalimide head and a suitable hydrophilic tail, including a phenyl linker, were beneficial for PPAR-γ activation. Compound 7 and rosiglitazone concentration-dependently activated PPAR-γ with EC₅₀ values of 0.67 μM and 0.028 μM, respectively. These phthalimide derivatives could be further investigated as a new class of PPAR-γ ligands.     

藏系绵羊肠道解剖学指标测定

为探讨藏羊肠管适应高原低氧环境的解剖学特点,选取青海海晏的藏系绵羊作为研究对象,对其肠管的解剖学指标进行测定,并与小尾寒羊进行比较。结果表明,藏羊的肠管总长和大肠长度均长于小尾寒羊,差异显著（P〈0．05）;而藏羊的小肠总长短于小尾寒羊,差异显著（P〈0．05）。这种解剖学指标的差异与2种动物所处的环境与饲养方式不同有关,藏羊的肠管解剖学特点是其肠道对高原低氧环境以及粗饲放牧方式的一种解剖学适应。