豫北小尾寒羊的适应性和种质特性研究

在豫北随机选取了140只小尾寒羊,对其进行了形态学和行为学观察,进行了生长发育和生理指标的测定,考查了遗传特性,了解了繁殖情况与疾病情况等。研究表明：小尾寒羊品种特征突出,适应性强,耐粗饲,抗病力高,生长发育快,产肉性能良好,遗传性稳定等。但仍存在着个体发育不整齐,剪毛量不高,毛质较差等缺点。     

中国大鲵肌肉、尾脂营养成分分析与评价

【目的】评价大鲵的营养价值,为其营养需要的确定及配合饲料的研制提供基础资料和理论依据。【方法】采用常规分析、氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱以及原子吸收光谱法,对大鲵肌肉和尾脂中的常规营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸成分进行分析,并按照氨基酸评分(Amino acid score,AAS)、化学评分(Chemical score,CS)、必需氨基酸指数(Essential acid score index,EAAI)标准进行品质评定。【结果】新鲜大鲵肌肉中水分含量为82.04%,粗蛋白含量为17.15%,粗脂肪含量为1.73%,灰分含量为0.65%;矿质元素中,Ca含量为162.15μg/g,Zn含量为15.35μg/g,P含量为1 020μg/g,其中Zn含量远高于其他动物。大鲵肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为18.64%,所检7种人体必需氨基酸含量为7.25%,占总氨基酸的比例为38.89%;鲜味氨基酸含量为6.82%,占总氨基酸的比例为36.59%。肌肉及尾脂中分别检测出11和14种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量分别为27.68%,25.70%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量分别为72.32%,74.20%,大鲵尾脂中含有较高的花生四烯酸(1.69%)和花生五烯酸(1.89%)等高不饱和脂肪酸;大鲵肌肉AAS、CS分别为1.660和0.810,EAAI(65.93)较一般水生经济动物高,蛋白质结构较合理。【结论】大鲵肌肉及尾脂具有极高的营养价值和食用价值。     

气象灾害对我国西南地区农业的影响及适应性对策研究

保定市地处京津冀都市圈几何中心,具有得天独厚的区位优势。保定是一农业大市,与京津对接发展休闲农业,吸引京津的资金、打开京津客源市场是当前促进农村经济发展的有效途径,是保定市全面对接京津的重要组成部分。本文分析了保定市休闲农业对接京津具有区位条件、农业基础、休闲农业景观、客源等方面的优势条件,同时面临当前我国新农村建设、农业结构调整、京津冀一体化等良好的发展机遇,进而提出了从发展环境、发展规划、交通、基础设施、资源、经营模式、市场、营销宣传手段、人才技术9方面,与京津对接的战略重点和实施内容。     

Marking to weaning production aspects of lambs provided with NSAID analgesia compared with lambs receiving no analgesia at the time of elastrator ring marking

The provision of analgesia at the time of marking has been adopted by the Australian sheep industry, but data on production benefits are lacking. In the current study, alternate lambs were provided with either meloxicam (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug [NSAID], n = 781) or no analgesia (NONE, n = 822) at the time of ring castration and tail docking. Six distinct management groups of lambs were studied. Lambs were weighed immediately before marking and then again at weaning. There was no significant effect of treatment on average daily gain between marking and weaning in cross‐bred lambs. In Merino lambs, average daily gain was 5 g/day lower (P < 0.005) in lambs receiving NSAID, but this may not be biologically significant. Lamb losses were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the NSAID group (1.1%) than in the NONE group (2.7%). This observation is worth validating in larger studies, particularly considering that lamb mortality is a significant cost to production and welfare concern.     

Evaluation of the tongue for oscillometric measurement of arterial pressure in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement between oscillometric blood pressure (OBP) measured from the tongue and invasive blood pressure (IBP), and to compare OBPs measured from the tongue with OBPs measured from the pelvic limb and tail.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of eight adult Beagle dogs weighing 11.1 ± 1.2 kg.MethodsAnimals were premedicated with intravenous (IV) acepromazine (0.005 mg kg^–1). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (3 mg kg^–1) IV and maintained with isoflurane. The dorsal pedal artery was catheterized for IBP measurements. Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressure were simultaneously measured from the tongue, pelvic limb and tail. Based on invasive SAP, hypertension (>140 mmHg), normotension (90–140 mmHg) and hypotension (<90 mmHg) were induced by controlling end-tidal isoflurane concentrations and/or dobutamine/dopamine administration. Agreement between paired IBP and OBP measurements was analyzed with reference standards for noninvasive blood pressure devices used in small animals and humans.ResultsRegardless of cuff placement, the mean bias ± standard deviation between IBP and OBP met veterinary (≤10 ± 15 mmHg) and human (<5 ± 8 mmHg) standards for MAP and DAP. SAP measurements provided by the OBP device showed unacceptable agreement with IBP, and the bias between methods increased at higher blood pressures, regardless of cuff site. During hypotension, tongue OBP showed the largest percentage of absolute difference <10 mmHg in relation to IBP for SAP (90%), MAP (97%), and DAP (93%), compared with pelvic limb (60%, 97% and 82%, respectively) and tail OBP (54%, 92% and 77%, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe tongue is a clinically useful site for measuring OBP in anesthetized Beagle dogs, providing reliable estimates of MAP and DAP. The tongue could replace other cuff placement sites and may be a relatively suitable site for assessing hypotension.     

植物多酚-牛血清白蛋白相互作用及对蛋白质结构的影响

多酚与蛋白质的相互作用取决于蛋白质和多酚的结构与类型,为研究不同植物多酚与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin,BSA）之间的相互作用,探明不同植物多酚对BSA结构的影响,进而筛选出稳定的植物多酚-BSA复合物。该研究采用原花青素（proanthocyanidins,PC）、儿茶素（catechin,C）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、茶多酚（tea polyphenol,TP）,通过紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法、红外光谱法和分子对接研究植物多酚与BSA相互作用及其对蛋白质结构的影响。结果表明：4种植物多酚-BSA复合物的紫外最大波长红移由大到小为EGCG（365 nm）＞PC（364 nm）、C（364 nm）＞TP（363 nm）;红外光谱发现,酰胺Ⅰ带的吸收峰（1 657.44 cm^-1）发生蓝移由大到小为PC（1 656.15 cm^-1）＞TP（1 632.07 cm^-1）＞EGCG（1 631.49 cm^-1）＞C（1 631.44 cm^-1）,烟酰胺II带峰形变宽;BSA二级结构由β-转角、无规卷曲转变为β-折叠、ɑ-螺旋,β-折叠含量增加C-BSA（40.20%）>PC-BSA（39.50%）>EGCG-BSA（39.32%）>TP-BSA（34.04%）,表明C更能促进BSA的二级结构稳定;荧光光谱表明4种多酚对BSA的猝灭类型均为静态猝灭,且结合位点约为1,表明存在一个结合位点;分子对接结果表明该结合位点位于Sub-domain IIA的疏水腔中,分子间相互作用力主要是氢键、疏水作用力,结合能由小到大为C（-3.72 kJ/mol）＜EGCG（-1.77 kJl/mol）＜PC（-1.02 kJ/mol）＜TP（-0.38 kJ/mol）;4种多酚中C和EGCG与BSA相互作用程度较大,C与BSA的结合能最小,形成的复合物最稳定。通过多酚与蛋白相互作用研究,更好地发挥多酚和蛋白两种组分的功能作用,可为开发功能性多酚-蛋白质复合物产品提供参考。     

小尾寒羊不同杂交组合羔羊育肥性能研究

选择道寒羔羊30只、萨寒羔羊30只和小尾寒羊羔羊20只,施予相同的饲养管理条件,对供试羔羊的生长和产肉性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,90日龄断奶时,道寒和萨寒羔羊平均体重分别为24.14和24.88 kg,分别比同龄小尾寒羊高23.47%和27.52%(P<0.01);180日龄时,道寒和萨寒羔羊平均体重分别为44.8和46.14 kg,分别比小尾寒羊高20.79%和24.26%(P<0.01);在产肉性能方面,道寒和萨寒羔羊的活重、胴体重和净肉重极显著大于同龄小尾寒羊(P<0.01),骨重、肉骨比、GR值、眼肌面积、肩部、背部、腰臀部、股部、胸部和腹部的胴体切割块重质量显著大于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),颈部、腰部、前小腿和后小腿质量略大于小尾寒羊(P>0.05);萨寒羔羊产肉性能稍优于道寒羔羊。萨寒和道寒羔羊具有良好的适应性,可以在宁夏及周边地区进行推广养殖。     

Bio-Guided Isolation of Antimalarial Metabolites from the Coculture of Two Red Sea Sponge-Derived Actinokineospora and Rhodococcus spp.

Coculture is a productive technique to trigger microbes’ biosynthetic capacity by mimicking the natural habitats’ features principally by competition for food and space and interspecies cross-talks. Mixed cultivation of two Red Sea-derived actinobacteria, Actinokineospora spheciospongiae strain EG49 and Rhodococcus sp. UR59, resulted in the induction of several non-traced metabolites in their axenic cultures, which were detected using LC–HRMS metabolomics analysis. Antimalarial guided isolation of the cocultured fermentation led to the isolation of the angucyclines actinosporins E (1), H (2), G (3), tetragulol (5) and the anthraquinone capillasterquinone B (6), which were not reported under axenic conditions. Interestingly, actinosporins were previously induced when the axenic culture of the Actinokineospora spheciospongiae strain EG49 was treated with signalling molecule N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GluNAc); this finding confirmed the effectiveness of coculture in the discovery of microbial metabolites yet to be discovered in the axenic fermentation with the potential that could be comparable to adding chemical signalling molecules in the fermentation flask. The isolated angucycline and anthraquinone compounds exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity and good biding affinity against lysyl-tRNA synthetase (PfKRS1), highlighting their potential developability as new antimalarial structural motif.     

富氮低氧气调储粮边充边排尾气利用实仓试验

在目前普遍采用的固定式富氮低氧气调储粮工艺的基础上,通过重新设计仓外输气管道线路和单仓控制阀门的布局,可以实现在充氮过程中边充边排利用尾气,从而达到降低富氮低氧气调储粮技术的使用成本和节能降耗的目的。     

“农超对接”下的农产品冷链物流发展研究

“农超对接”需要农产品冷链物流,同时“农超对接”也在一定程度上促进了农产品冷链物流的发展。但目前农产品冷链物流已成为“农超对接”健康发展的障碍。为此,国家应加大对农产品全程冷链物流重要性的宣传力度,并从农产品冷链物流体系、基础设施建设等方面着手进行农产品冷链物流的改善,促进“农超对接”的健康发展。