基于银行系统风险视角的银行资本充足监管——来自中国上市银行的经验数据

国际金融危机以及欧债危机等再一次引发了人们对金融监管尤其是银行资本充足监管的全面反思。采集中国银行业主体的16家商业银行的数据,应用联立方程模型,对资本强制约束下的资本与系统风险贡献度进行研究,结论表明：资本充足监管对银行系统风险贡献度有一定的正向作用;而杠杆率监管对其无显著影响。此外,四大国有银行的分析结果提醒银行业监管者应密切关注居于主导地位银行的资本和风险监管。     

植物根际非病原细菌介导的系统诱导抗病性

根非病原细菌可诱使植物产生诱导系统抗病性（ＩＳＲ）。在拟献芥、菜豆、康乃馨、黄瓜、萝卜、烟草和番茄等植物上,已发现根际非病原细菌与病原菌隔离条件下诱导了对真菌、细菌、病毒的系统抗病性。诱导菌株在不同植物品种上表现不同的诱导活性。诱导ＩＳＲ表达的因子包括脂多糖、嗜铁因子和水杨酸。根际非病原细菌诱导ＩＳＲ的途径有所不同,一些根际细菌通过水杨酸途径,,而其它根际细菌则通过茉莉酮酸－乙烯途径诱ＩＳＲ的表达     

植物诱导抗病性的研究进展

阐述植物诱导抗病的性的定义，类型及其本现象，概括诱导抗生的几个共通特征；即非特异性，滞后性，不完全性和耗能性，分析诱导抗性发生的基本原理和运作机制。讨论诱导抗性的应用前景及局限性。     

外质体H2O2和木质素积累在镍诱导的水稻对白叶枯病系统抗性中的作用

[目的]植物外质体是病原入侵的结构和生理性屏障.本文研究外质体反应在镍诱导的、对白叶枯病系统抗性中的作用,以探讨植物对病原和重金属交叉抗性的生理机制. [方法]以0.5、1.0和2.0mol·L~(-1)硝酸镍喷施三叶期水稻幼苗的第二叶及以下部位,3 d后在未处理的第三叶接种稻白叶枯菌(xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo),接种后12d调查病情.测定了2.0 mol·L~(-1)镍处理或/和Xoo接种的幼苗第三叶外质体中愈创木酚POD(G-POD)、NADH-POD,二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、H_2O_2和木质素含量.[结果]镍诱导了幼苗对白叶枯病的系统抗性,其中2.0 mmol·L~(-1)镍的诱导效果最佳.镍处理下,第三叶外质体液(AWF)中和细胞壁结合的G-POD、NADH-POD,以及AWF中DAO的活性和H_2O_2水平快速上升,木质素含量显著提高;镍诱导且接种组中,上述指标均明显高于未诱导但接种组.另外,产生H_2O_2的POD的抑制剂NaN_3降低了镍诱导的H_2O_2积累水平和对白叶枯病的系统诱抗效应,而NADPH氧化酶抑制剂(diphenyleneiodonium chloride)预处理则无明显影响.[结论]本研究结果提示,NADH-POD和DAO活性上升是镍诱导外质体H_2O_2产生的原因;外质体H_2O_2和木质素在细胞壁中的积累可能参与了镍诱导的水稻对白叶枯病系统抗性的建立.     

Supplementation of heat‐inactivated Bacillus clausii DE5 in diets for grouper,Epinephelus coioides,improves feed utilization,intestinal and systemic immune responses and not growth performance

In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to the development and application of probiotics in aquaculture, and viable probiotics have been extensively studied, while rare information was available about inactivated probiotics in aquaculture. Therefore, in this study, a feeding trial was designed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus clausii DE5 on growth performance, immune response and key immune genes expression in head kidney and intestine in grouper Epinephelus coioides. Fish were fed for 60 days with control diet (C) and two experimental diets containing 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g live (T1) and heat‐inactivated (T2) B. clausii DE5, respectively. The probiotic treatments did not affect the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of E. coioides at days 30 and 60 (p > .05), while both heat‐inactivated and live B. clausii DE5 significantly decreased the feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 60 (p < .05). Serum lysozyme activity and complement C3 level in the two probiotic treatments were significantly higher than those in the control (p < .05). The lysozyme activity and complement C3 level at day 60 were significantly higher than those at day 30 (p < .05), while no significant interaction effect between diet and administration date was observed. Moreover, the heat‐inactivated B. clausii DE5 significantly improved the expression of TLR5, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐1β) and TGF‐β1 in head kidney and intestine (p < .05), while the live probiotic did not show any significant effect on the expression of these key immune‐related genes in head kidney and intestine. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of heat‐inactivated B. clausii DE5 effectively improved feed utilization and both the local and systemic immune responses of E. coioides.     

SLE患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞及Foxp3基因表达的研究

目的:研究系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞及Foxp3基因的表达水平,了解它们在SLE发病机制中的作用。方法:分别收集25例SLE患者(SLE组)及健康人(对照组)外周抗凝静脉血,分离纯化T淋巴细胞。PE标记抗CD 4单抗,F ITC标记的抗CD 25单抗,作双色流式细胞术,分析SLE患者外周血CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞百分率,RT-PCR检测T细胞Foxp3 mRNA表达。结果:SLE组外周血CD 4 T、CD 4 CD 25 T细胞百分率及T细胞Foxp3 mRNA水平均低于对照组(P<0.01),并且CD 4 CD 25 T细胞百分率与Foxp3mRNA水平呈依赖关系(P<0.01)。结论:SLE患者外周血存在细胞免疫功能失调,CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞数量减少和Foxp3mRNA表达下调可能与SLE的免疫学发病机制有关。     

卵菌对杀菌剂的抗药性及治理策略

介绍了目前用于防治卵菌病害的保护性杀菌剂和高效内吸性杀菌剂 ,同时讨论了卵菌对内吸性杀菌剂的抗药性现状、产生原因、抗药性机制及交互抗药性问题 ,最后对卵菌抗药性的治理策略提出探讨     

植物系统获得抗性中的信号

系统介绍了植物系统获得抗性中的信号，包括水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸（JA）及其甲酯（MeJA)、系统素（systemin)、乙烯等信号分子和电信号。