Serum auto antibodies and clinical/pathological features in German shepherd dogs with a lupuslike syndrome

This study presents 8 dogs of German Shepherd breed (6 males, 2 females, 2-5 years of age at onset of the disease) with a lupus like syndrome characterized by febrile polyarthritis, wasting, nephropathy, cutaneous lesions and high positive titres of ANA (antinuclear antibodies) of speckled type. The serum autoantibodies were further characterized by double immunodiffusion against ENA (extractable nuclear antigen), ELISA for Histone antibodies (Histon fraction H-24A and H-3S), indirect IF on rat-liver sections, non treated and RNase/DNase digested sections for DNP/RNP antibodies, and smears of a hemoflagellate C. luciliae for antibodies vs doubbel strained DNA, (dsDNA). Thus, the high ANA titres in these dogs represent varying types of autoantibodies against nucleoproteins of both DNA and RNA nature, associated histone antigens and non-histone antibodies (RNA and Sm) as well. Rheumatoid Factor titres in serum from these dogs were low or negative. Immunoglobulin deposits at dermo-epidermal junctions were demonstrated in some of the dogs with hyperkeratotic skin lesions. High concentration of serum-IgG was a constant finding in combination with anemia and in most cases leukopenia probably related to the chronic inflammatory process in these animals. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) or thrombocytopenia was not detected in these dogs.     

The role of TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19 in systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM:To clarify the role of new apoptosis-related gene, TF-1 cell apoptosis-related gene 19(TFAR19), in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and the relationship between TFAR19 and SLE.METHODS:DNA Ladder detection, Western blotting, immunological fluorescence method, ELISA and so on were used to test if ultraviolet B(UVB) could induce HaCaT cell apoptosis and TFAR19 expression.RESULTS:HaCaT cell apoptosis could be detected after 24 hours of 30 mj/cm² UVB irradiation. Also, we found that in active SLE patients, the TFAR19 antibody was increased, but not significant compared to the normal control.CONCLUSION:TFAR 19 is involved in the process of UVB induced ketatinocyte line HaCaT apoptosis and SLE pathogenesis.     

Resistance at the TM-2 locus in the tomato to tomato mosaic virus

Summary There are three known tomato mosaic virus (TMV) resistance factors, Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-2 ², in the tomato. Tm-2 ² is currently the most widely utilised in glasshouse cultivars. Both Tm-2 and Tm-2² can induce systemic necroses in response to virus infection. These are considered to be hypersensitive resistance reactions in view of the low virus concentrations in affected plants and because sub-inoculation usually fails to infect all plants possessing the same resistance gene. The literature relating to TMV resistance at the Tm-2 locus in the tomato is reviewed.Virulent strains may readily establish when Tm-1 or Tm-2 are used, but Tm-2 ² confers more effective resistance. The possible development of aggressive isolates capable of affecting Tm-2 ²/Tm-2² plants is discussed. The establishment of virus types which cause systemic necrosis at normal growing temperatures is considered more likely than widespread infection from fully virulent strain 2² mutants. However, the growing of crops isolated from the TMV reservoirs in the soil considerably reduces the likelihood of even this occurring.     

卵菌对杀菌剂的抗药性及治理策略

介绍了目前用于防治卵菌病害的保护性杀菌剂和高效内吸性杀菌剂 ,同时讨论了卵菌对内吸性杀菌剂的抗药性现状、产生原因、抗药性机制及交互抗药性问题 ,最后对卵菌抗药性的治理策略提出探讨     

三唑酮防治小麦雪霉叶枯病的研究

三唑酮100μg/mL可完全抑制小麦雪霉叶枯病菌分生孢子萌发,25μg/mL即可引起90％芽管畸变。离体叶碟法和盆栽幼苗法测定表明,三唑酮有较强的保护作用和治疗作用。田间药效试验确认该剂能有效地控制成株叶斑和叶枯。在小麦条锈病流行区,可用三唑酮常规喷雾,兼治该两种病害。田间用药量应不低于10～15g/亩。     

SLE患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞及Foxp3基因表达的研究

目的:研究系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞及Foxp3基因的表达水平,了解它们在SLE发病机制中的作用。方法:分别收集25例SLE患者(SLE组)及健康人(对照组)外周抗凝静脉血,分离纯化T淋巴细胞。PE标记抗CD 4单抗,F ITC标记的抗CD 25单抗,作双色流式细胞术,分析SLE患者外周血CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞百分率,RT-PCR检测T细胞Foxp3 mRNA表达。结果:SLE组外周血CD 4 T、CD 4 CD 25 T细胞百分率及T细胞Foxp3 mRNA水平均低于对照组(P<0.01),并且CD 4 CD 25 T细胞百分率与Foxp3mRNA水平呈依赖关系(P<0.01)。结论:SLE患者外周血存在细胞免疫功能失调,CD 4 CD 25 调节性T细胞数量减少和Foxp3mRNA表达下调可能与SLE的免疫学发病机制有关。     

Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer

BACKGROUND: Azadirachtins are natural insecticides derived from the neem tree. The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic invasive insect pest that infests various ash tree species and has the potential for significant economic, aesthetic and ecological impacts throughout North America. The initial translocation and foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins were examined following direct injection into white and green ash trees growing in urban scenarios as a potential control for EAB. RESULTS: Substantial concentrations of azadirachtins A and B [mean maxima > 0.98 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (f.w.)] were observed within 2 days of injecting a specifically designed formulation of azadirachtins. Foliar residues declined exponentially through time, with half‐life estimates ranging from 5.1 to 12.3 days. At the time of leaf senescence, foliar residue levels approximated 0.01 mg kg^?1 f.w., strongly mitigating the potential effects of non‐target biota in soil or aquatic compartments. CONCLUSION: The magnitude and duration of exposures observed in this field study were considered to be above the thresholds required for biological effectiveness against both larval and adult life stages of EAB. Results support the use of azadirachtins as an environmentally acceptable systemic insecticide for control of EAB and protection of high‐value ash trees in urban environments. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Suppression of root-knot disease by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in tomato: importance of bacterial secondary metabolite, 2,4-diacetylpholoroglucinol

The antimicrobial metabolites 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and pyoluteorin contribute to the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 to control plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. P. fluorescens strain CHA0 and its derivatives CHA89 (antibiotics-deficient) and CHA0/pME3424 (antibiotics overproducing) were investigated as potential biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne javanica the root-knot nematode. Exposure of root-knot nematode to culture filtrates of P. fluorescens under in vitro conditions significantly reduced egg hatch and caused substantial mortality of M. javanica juveniles. Nutrient broth yeast extract (NBY) medium amended with 2% (w/v) glucose or 1 mM EDTA markedly repressed hatch inhibition activity of the strain CHA0 but not that of CHA0/pME3424 or CHA89. On the other hand, NBY medium amended with glucose significantly enhanced nematicidal activity of the strain CHA0/pME3424. Neither glucose nor EDTA had an influence on the nematicidal activity of the strains CHA0 and CHA89. Under in vitro conditions, antibiotic overproducing strain CHA0/pME3424 and CHA0 expressed phl‘-’lacZ reporter gene but strain CHA89 did not. Expression of the reporter gene reflects actual production of DAPG. In general, CHA0/pME3424 expressed reporter gene to a greater extent compared to its wild type counterpart CHA0. Regardless of the bacterial strains, reporter gene expression was markedly enhanced when NBY medium was amended with glucose but EDTA had no such effect. A positive correlation between the degree of juvenile mortality and extent of phl‘-’lacZ reporter gene expression was also observed in vitro. Strain CHA0 produced zones of 4-6 mm on MM medium containing gelatin while strain CHA0/pME3424 and CHA89 did not. When MM medium containing gelatin was amended with 2% glucose of 1 mM EDTA size of haloes produced by the strain CHA0 reduced to 2 mm. Under glasshouse conditions aqueous cell suspension of the strains CHA0 or CHA0/pME3424 at various inoculum levels (10⁷, 10⁸ or 10⁹ cfu ml⁻¹) significantly reduced root-knot development. CHA89 caused significant reduction in galling when applied at 10⁹ cfu ml⁻¹. To better understand the mechanism of nematode suppression, split root bioassay was performed. Split-root experiments, that guarantee a spatial separation of inducing agent and a challenging pathogen, showed that soil treatment of one half of the root system with cell suspension of CHA0 or CHA0/pME3424 resulted in a significant systemic induced resistance leading to reduction of M. javanica infection of tomato roots in the non-baterized nematode treated half. The results clearly suggest that the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG from P. fluorescens CHA0 act as the inducing agents of systemic resistance in tomato roots. Populations of CHA0 and its derivatives declined progressively by 10-fold between first and fourth harvests (0-21 days after inoculation). However, bacterial populations increased at final harvest (28 days after application).     

不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)侵染后枯斑三生烟(Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN)差异表达的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA),研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水(phosphate buffered saline,PBS),48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90(N. tabacum var. TN90)基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA(differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA),并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KE...     

Acquired resistance triggered by elicitins in tobacco and other plants

Elicitins are a family of proteins excreted byPhytophthora spp. They exhibit high sequence homology but large net charge differences. They induce necrosis in tobacco plants which then become resistant to the tobacco pathogenPhytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae. In stem-treated plants, resistance was not restricted to the site of elicitin application, but could be demonstrated by petiole inoculation at all levels on the stem. Resistance was already maximum after two days and lasted for at least two weeks. It was effective not only towardsP. p. var.nicotianae infection, but also against the unrelated pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorum. In contrast to dichloroisonicotinic acid, an artificial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, which was increasingly effective with doses ranging from 0.25 to 5mole per plant, the basic elicitin cryptogein exhibited a threshold effect, inducing near total resistance and extensive leaf necrosis above 0.1 nmole per plant. Between 1 and 5 nmole, acidic elicitins (capsicein and parasiticein) protected tobacco plants with hardly any necrotic symptom. Elicitins exhibited similar effects in various tobacco cultivars andNicotiana species, although with quantitative differences, but induced neither necrosis nor protection in other SolanaceÆ (tomato, petunia and pepper). Among 24 additional species tested belonging to 18 botanical families, only some BrassicaceÆ, noticeably rape, exhibited symptoms in response to elicitins, in a cultivar-specific manner. Elicitins appear to be natural specific triggers for systemic acquired resistance and provide a tool for unraveling the mechanisms leading to its establishment.Abbreviations AR acquired resistance - HR hypersensitive response - INA 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid - Ppn Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae - SAR systemic acquired resistance