加拿大披碱草-野大麦三倍体杂种加倍植株同工酶分析

分析了加拿大披碱草-野大麦三倍体属间杂种F₁加倍植株的同工酶酶谱特征。结果显示:同一生育阶段杂种自然加倍植株与加倍F₁代植株在EST、POD和SOD酶带的数目、位点及强弱方面具有一致性和遗传稳定性,而与杂种F₁代及亲本的酶带表型差异显著,从酶蛋白分子水平证明该杂种F₁染色体加倍是真实的;加倍植株抽穗期旗叶的EST、POD酶谱中分别呈现9和4条酶带,分蘖期幼叶的EST、POD、SOD酶谱内分别呈现8、4和4条酶带,有多态性位点的特征酶带可作为杂种加倍后代育性恢复鉴定的遗传标记的候选位点;对供试材料不同生育阶段做同工酶酶谱对比分析,比单一生育阶段更能反映其酶带表型的遗传差异性,提高同工酶电泳技术鉴定结果的准确性。     

春秋兼用家蚕品种“渝蚕1号”的育成

采用杂交育种和系统选择的方法,育成优良家蚕新品种中4、C106、日5,并与引进品种皓月组配成中4.C106×皓月.日5(渝蚕1号)的四元杂交组合。经四川省蚕品种审定的实验室鉴定和农村鉴定,该品种表现出强健、好养、发育整齐、茧丝质优良等特点,全茧量2.45 g、茧层率23.27%、解舒率75.22%,主要经济指标超过对照种。该品种已通过四川省家蚕品种审定,并在生产上试繁推广。     

猪ECH1基因部分序列的遗传变异分析

为了进一步研究烯脂酰辅酶A水解酶1(enoyl CoA hydratase,ECH1)基因的生物学功能,研究采用克隆测序结合PCR-RFLP的方法分析了民猪ECH1基因的部分DNA序列,并对其中的1个点突变进行了3个猪种内的基因型频率和基因频率计算。结果表明:研究所检测的ECH1基因序列与网上已有序列相比存在8个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点,其中有2个造成酶切位点的改变;民猪和大白猪在PCR-RFLP-BamHⅠ位点的A、B基因频率均接近0.5,而长白猪B为优势等位基因。     

陇东肉牛PON1基因结构与功能的生物信息学分析

为阐明陇东肉牛对氧磷酶1（paraoxonase 1,PON1）基因的结构与功能,本研究运用PCR扩增陇东肉牛PON1基因所有外显子序列并测序,通过Seqman软件完成序列拼接,结合生物信息学方法预测和分析其碱基组成、开放阅读框及编码蛋白的理化性质、原子组成、氨基酸残基数、亲水性和疏水性、分子质量、等电点、二级结构、高级结构等。结果显示,陇东肉牛PON1基因CDS区序列全长1 068 bp,编码355个氨基酸残基,其中数目最多的为亮氨酸（Leu）,数目最少的为半胱氨酸和色氨酸（Cys和Trp）。碱基组成中A+T含量（56.55%）高于G+C含量（43.26%）。与GenBank中牛PON1基因序列（登录号：EU289337）比对分析发现,在PON1基因外显子4、6、8、9中存在突变,但均未导致氨基酸发生变化,为同义突变。PON1蛋白的原子组成是C₁₈₁₀H₂₇₉₆N₄₅₄O₅₃₃S₁₂,分子质量为39.83 ku,理论等电点为5.24,为稳定的水溶性蛋白质。PON1蛋白二级结构中无规则卷曲、延展链、α-螺旋和β-转角分别由159、116、55和25个氨基酸构成,最终形成了以无规则卷曲和延展链为主的混合型。PON1蛋白的疏水性结果表明,第8位苏氨酸（Thr）疏水性最强（最高分值2.878）,第299位脯氨酸（Pro）亲水性最强（最低分值-2.222）。本试验结果为深入研究陇东肉牛PON1蛋白功能及探讨PON1基因突变对甘肃地方肉牛胴体、肉质性状的影响奠定基础。     

紫薇花器官发育调控基因LiFUL1的分离与表达分析

紫薇湘韵具有只开花不结实的特性,表现为花药不开裂、花粉败育、胚珠发育异常。紫薇红叶为普通紫薇,可正常开花结实。以紫薇湘韵为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法,从花芽中分离得到1个FRUITFULL(FUL)同源基因,命名为LiFUL1(GenBank登录号为MN894547)。序列分析结果表明,其cDNA开放阅读框长度为753 bp,编码251个氨基酸,分子质量为28.453 13 ku。序列比对和保守结构域分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因编码蛋白具有典型的MADS-MEF2和K-box结构域,C末端含有一个保守性高的基序euFUL MOTIF,因此,LiFUL1属于MADS家族的FUL/AP1亚家族。进化分析表明,紫薇的LiFUL1基因编码的蛋白氨基酸序列与木本植物蓝桉的FUL/AP1氨基酸序列亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因在紫薇湘韵花器官分化阶段的花萼分化时期、花瓣与雄蕊分化时期、雄蕊与雌蕊分化时期的表达量显著高于紫薇红叶。另外,利用原核表达系统在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了LiFUL1蛋白,为进一步研究LiFUL1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

籼粳杂交稻杂种一代植株的生化特性

以广亲和品种轮回422,02428与籼、粳稻配组及籼粳交、粳籼交、粳粳交配组,其中配组包括轮回422×浙湖139,轮回422×金陵玉籼,轮回422×1126,宁恢3号×轮回422,02428×金陵玉籼,02428×测49,40316×测49,40316×1126,M-201×86A4,城特232×1126,余红一号×86-3587-2以及M-201×日本优,测定亲本和籼粳杂交稻杂种一代F1的生化指标,以探讨各组合生化指标的变化规律及与育性的内在联系.结果表明,广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组及粳粳交F1的POD活性在开花盛期可达到分蘖盛期的水平,孕穗期后,这些组合F1的游离氨基酸均呈下降趋势;从分蘖盛期开始,各组合F1的脯氨酸含量均呈下降趋势,但籼粳交、粳籼交组合F1的脯氨酸含量下降得更多;测49的生化特性与籼粳稻杂交F1相似.     

The Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs with Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Background: Despite many epidemiological reports concerning the efficacy of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR), the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitor administration have not been fully evaluated. Objectives: To document left atrial pressure (LAP) in dogs with MR administered ACE inhibitors, in order to obtain interesting information about daily LAP changes with administration of ACE inhibitors. Animals: Five healthy Beagle dogs weighing 9.8 to 14.2 kg (2 males and 3 females; aged 2 years). Methods: Experimental, crossover, and interventional study. Chordae tendineae rupture was induced, and a radiotelemetry transmitter catheter was inserted into the left atrium. LAP was recorded for 72 consecutive hours during which each of 3 ACE inhibitors—enalapril (0.5 mg/kg/d), temocapril (0.1 mg/kg/d), and alacepril (3.0 mg/kg/d)—were administered in a crossover study. Results: Averaged diurnal LAP was significantly, but slightly reduced by alacepril (P= .03, 19.03 ± 3.01–18.24 ± 3.07 mmHg). The nightly drops in LAP caused by alacepril and enalapril were significantly higher than the daily drops (P= .03, ?0.98 ± 0.19 to ?0.07 ± 0.25 mmHg, and P= .03, ?0.54 ± 0.21–0.02 ± 0.17 mmHg, respectively), despite the fact that the oral administrations were given in the morning. Systolic blood pressure (122.7 ± 14.4–117.4 ± 13.1 mmHg, P= .04) and systemic vascular resistance (5800 ± 2685–5144 ± 2077 dyne × s/cm⁵, P= .03) were decreased by ACE inhibitors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: ACE inhibitors decrease LAP minimally, despite reductions in left ventricular afterload. ACE inhibitors should not be used to decrease LAP.     

基于MODIS数据设计的中国土地覆盖分类系统与应用研究

该文阐述了国内外主要土地覆盖分类系统及其土地覆盖产品在中国的表现,依据中国植被编码体系在MODIS数据试验的基础上,对现有国内土地覆盖分类系统进行了重新设计,包括7大类22个二级类别,并利用2001～2002年MODIS1km时间序列NDVI数据和多波段反射率光谱数据对中国区域进行了土地覆盖分类,结果显示分类产品能较为准确地描述中国区域土地覆盖的实际情况。     

水稻半外卷叶突变体sol1的表型分析与基因定位

适度卷曲有利于提高水稻叶片的光合效率,增加植株光合产物的有效积累量。我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼型水稻保持系西农1B,获得一个稳定遗传的水稻半外卷叶突变体。该突变体从十叶期开始各叶片逐渐向外卷曲直至半卷状,并伴随茎秆半矮化和叶片披垂,暂被命名为semi-outcurved leaf 1 (sol1)。与野生型(WT)相比, sol1的叶片卷曲指数均达到30%以上(P<0.01);倒一、倒二、倒三、倒四节节间长度和穗长极显著缩短,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶夹角显著或极显著增加;有效穗数、千粒重、每穗实粒数、结实率显著或极显著下降,一次枝梗数则增加11.3%(P<0.05)。sol1的蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度显著高于野生型。石蜡切片显示, sol1倒一叶的泡状细胞体积变小,数量显著增多,表皮细胞体积略微增大。遗传分析表明, sol1的半外卷叶性状受1对隐性核基因调控,定位于6号染色体标记JY6-3和JY6-10之间165kb的物理范围内,共含15个注释基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,与泡状细胞相关的内卷基因和外卷叶基因RL14、Roc5、REL1在突变体sol1中呈...     

Piscine reovirus in wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia,Canada: 1974–2013

Piscine reovirus (PRV) was common among wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia, western Canada, from 1987 to 2013. Salmonid tissues tested for PRV by real‐time rRT‐PCR included sections from archived paraffin blocks from 1974 to 2008 (n = 363) and fresh‐frozen hearts from 2013 (n = 916). The earliest PRV‐positive sample was from a wild‐source steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from 1977. By histopathology (n = 404), no fish had lesions diagnostic for heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In some groups, lymphohistiocytic endocarditis affected a greater proportion of fish with PRV than fish without PRV, but the range of Ct values among affected fish was within the range of Ct values among unaffected fish. Also, fish with the lowest PRV Ct values (18.4–21.7) lacked endocarditis or any other consistent lesion. From 1987 to 1994, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (44% of 48), and wild‐source salmonids (31% of 45). In 2013, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), sampled from British Columbia (5.0% of 60) or the reference region, Alaska, USA (10% of 58).