生长肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量研究

试验选用80头体重为40 kg左右的杜×(长×大)三元杂交猪,随机分为5个处理,每处理公、母各半,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平为0.59%、0.67%、0.75%、0.83%、0.91%的等能(14.21 M J/kg)、等氨基酸模式的玉米-豆粕型日粮。通过对生产性能和血液生化指标的研究,来确定生长肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量。结果表明,当可消化赖氨酸水平为0.75%时,平均日增重、谷草转氨酶活性最高,差异显著(P<0.05);料重比最低,差异显著(P<0.05);血清尿素氮浓度最低,差异极显著(P<0.01)。可消化赖氨酸的不同水平对血清中甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白浓度以及谷丙转氨酶活性没有影响,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。上述结果提示,40~70 kg生长猪的可消化赖氨酸和总赖氨酸需求参数分别为0.75%、0.84%。     

Synbiotics suppress the release of lactate dehydrogenase,promote non‐specific immunity and integrity of jejunum mucosa in piglets

The aim of our experiment was to study how synbiotics are able to deal with the problems of post‐weaning piglets. Lactobacillus plantarum – Biocenol^TM LP96 (CCM 7512), Lactobacillus fermentum – Biocenol^TM LF99 (CCM 7514) and flaxseed (rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) were administered to 36 conventional piglets from a problematic breed with confirmed presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Coronavirus. The experimental piglets were supplied with probiotic cheeses and crushed flax‐seed in the period starting 10 days before weaning and lasting up to 14 days post‐weaning. Piglets in the control group were supplied only control cheese. The impact of such additives on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; spectroscopic and electrophoretic assay), alteration of immunity (index of metabolic activity), jejunum histology (light microscopy), and health of conventional piglets from a problematic breed (monitoring of hematology, consistency and moisture of feces and body temperature) were examined. We found significant decrease in LDH leakage in the blood serum and tissue extracts, indicating better cell membrane integrity in the individual organs of animals. Probiotics and flaxseed applied together seem to be a good source of nutrients to improve the immune status and the integrity of jejunum mucosa during infection. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one‐day‐old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti‐bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.     

中药与芽孢杆菌合生元替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能的影响

[目的]探究中药与芽孢杆菌合生元对肉鸡生长性能的影响。[方法]选择健康的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡450只,按体重随机分成3组,分别为金霉素组、试验组和对照组。金霉素组中加0.15%的金霉素,试验组中加0.15%的固体发酵中药与芽孢杆菌合生元,对照组为基础日粮,每试验组150只,3次重复,每个重复组50只。[结果]各组肉鸡平均体重差异均不显著(P>0.05);全期添加中草药与芽孢杆菌合生元的试验组出栏重、存活率和日增重均高于对照组和金霉素组,料重比无差异(P>0.05),但试验组略低于金霉素和对照组,分别低3.72%和7.65%。[结论]中药与芽孢杆菌合生元具有明显的提高存活率、出栏重、促进生长、降低料重比、节约生产成本的效果,对干物质、粗纤维、粗脂肪以及粗灰分的代谢率均有明显促进作用,效果优于金霉素。     

中草药生物合元制剂对奶牛子宫内膜炎防治试验研究

为解决奶牛子宫内膜炎防治对抗生素及化药的长期依赖，本实验将兽用中草药与益生菌进行功能性技术嫁接，制成中草药生物合元制剂，对奶牛子宫内膜炎进行防治试验研究，结果其临床治愈率为83．33％。与抗生素及化药治疗对照组91．67％治愈率相比虽然存在一定差异，但将药物治疗时间或周期相对延长，其使用效果能满足对奶牛子宫内膜炎的防治需求，可替代或减少抗生素及化药的使用，对当前“无抗奶”的生产具有积极的经济及社会效益。     

黄芪多糖-枯草芽孢杆菌合生元菌液的研制

研究黄芪多糖-枯草芽孢杆菌合生元菌液制备过程中,黄芪多糖的最适添加量以及合生元菌液的最适培养时间。将活化后的枯草芽孢杆菌ACCC11025菌液以1%的接种量分别加入含黄芪多糖浓度为0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,6,10mg.mL-1的液体培养基中,分别置37℃、120r.min-1以及32℃、120r.min-1培养箱中培养,每隔0.5h检测菌液OD值。结果表明:添加浓度为1.5mg.mL-1黄芪多糖的培养基中,枯草芽孢杆菌ACCC11025菌液浓度达到最高,分别比对照组和10mg.L-1组提高13.8%和148.8%(p<0.05);在5.5h代时最小,为1.22h,黄芪多糖-枯草芽孢杆菌合生元黄芪多糖最适添加量为1.5mg.mL-1,最适培养时间为5.5h。     

姬松茸多糖-嗜酸乳杆菌合生元微胶囊的研制

研究旨在制作一种可以通过单胃动物胃液的酸性环境并在肠液中释放的姬松茸多糖-嗜酸乳杆菌合生元.试验采用微胶囊法,以海藻酸钠和姬松茸多糖作为复合壁材包裹嗜酸乳杆菌,使用壳聚糖进行2次包被,测定微胶囊的包埋率、在人工胃液中的保护性及在人工肠液中的释放性,评估微胶囊的效果;使用牛津杯法测定合生元的抑菌效果.结果 显示,当海藻酸...     

PCR-DGGE技术分析合生素对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群结构的影响

试验研究合生素对肉仔鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响。选择1日龄肉仔鸡450只,随机分成5个处理,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+抗生素、基础日粮+益生素、基础日粮+益生元、基础日粮+合生素,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30只鸡。在21,42日龄每个重复选择2只鸡,无菌采集盲肠内容物,提取细菌基因组总DNA,PCR扩增16s rDNA V3区,扩增产物经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)后分析细菌群落结构的变化。结果表明,在214,2日龄,日粮添加合生素处理组试验鸡盲肠DGGE条带数均高于其他处理组,合生素组试验鸡盲肠内容物菌群多样性高于其他试验组。序列分析发现肉仔鸡盲肠中特异条带主要来源于不可培养的拟杆菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、梭菌目细菌和其他大量种属关系未知的细菌。     

Effects of Cecropin and Synbiotics on the Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Cells of AA Broilers

In order to investigate the effects of cecropin and synbiotics on the intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal mucosal immune cells of AA broilers. 480 of 1-day-old healthy AA broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate. The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group) were fed basal diet,while that in groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% cecropin,0.3% synbiotics,0.5% cecropin+0.3% synbiotics,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The result showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the villus height of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅱ,and that of small intestine in group Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus height/crypt depth of small intestine in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and that of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus width of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the villus width of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅲ,that of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The mucous thickness of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05),while that of small intestine in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the intraepithelial lymphocyte of ileum in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and that of duodenum in group Ⅲ and small intestine in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the goblet cell of duodenum in group Ⅲ,duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The mast cell of jejunum in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,both the cecropin and synbiotics could improve the small intestine mucosal structure and promote the small intestine mucosal immunocompetent cells proliferation in AA broiler, and the effect of combined utilization would be better.